1、the frequency of closed cardiac massage in neonatal asphyxia resuscitation:（） a、60-80 times/min b、80-100 times/min c、100-120 times/min d、120-140 times/min
2、which is the following is not correct about the secondary apnea?（） a、appear gasping respiration several times b、muscular tension disappear c、heart rate decrease d、bp increase
3、the ventilation frequency of face mask positive-pressure ventilation in neonatal asphyxia resuscitation: （） a、10-20 times/min b、20-30 times/min c、30-50 times/min d、40-60 times/min
4、male infant, full term, obstetrical forceps to help expulsion. extremities cyanosis after 1minute of birth, heart rate 90bpm, frown when stimulated, shallow and weak breath, relaxed muscular tone. how to score the infant by apgar? （） a、apgar scoring 1 b、apgar scoring 2 c、apgar scoring 3 d、apgar scoring 4
1、neonatal hyaline membrane disease occurs symptom within:（） a、72hrs of life b、48hrs of life c、24hrs of life d、12 hrs of life
2、the most important physical sign of rds when auscultation:（） a、tubular sound b、bubbling rales c、pleural rubs d、respiratory sound lower
3、which one is incorrect about respiratory distress syndrome?（） a、the less gestational age the more incidence of rds b、death often occurs after 3 days c、the onset of signs later than 12 hour should suggest other conditions d、rds is self-limited disease
4、which one is not the chest x-ray manifestation of respiratory distress syndrome(rds)？（） a、lower degree of permeance widespread in lungs, fine grain films are evident widespreadly, which may be seen in the mild case. b、air bronchogram may be seen in the middle stage c、general atelectasis background, arborization aerating bronchus films are evident, which is seen in fairly severe case. d、lung emphysema may be seen in severe case.
5、which of the following is false about the pathogenesis in rds?（） a、alveolar surface tension increase b、end expiration frc decrease c、lung compliance decreased d、small airway resistance increase
1.3 neonatal pneumonia practice
1、what is the most significant for diagnosis of neonatal septicemia？（） a、blood leucocyte increase b、blood platelet decrease c、c-reactive protein(crp) increase d、blood cultivation positive
2、what bacteria is the most common seen in china to cause neonatal septicemia？（） a、staphylococcus b、group b streptococcus(gbs) c、escherichia coli d、bacillus pyocyaneus
3、which of the following is proper about the antibioltic treatment course for neonatal septicemia when blood cultivation positive？（） a、at least 5-7days b、at least 7-10days c、at least 10-14days d、to temperature normal
4、which one can't identify the b group streptococcal pneumonia from rds?（） a、premature rupture of membrane b、odour amniotic fluid in late trimester of pregnancy c、the b group streptococcus grow in maternal blood and cervix swab culture d、chest x-ray manifestation
5、which of the following is false about neonatal septicemia？（） a、due to low immunological function in neonate b、group b streptococcus(gbs) is the most common pathogenic bacteria in china c、jaundice may be sole symptom d、blood cultivation positive is reliable diagnosis accordings
1.4 hyperbilirubinemia and hemolytic disease practice
1、what method is commonly used for physiologic jaundice in newborn?（） a、albumin b、plasm c、phototherapy d、need no method
2、the most important factors for neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy：（） a、neonatal maturity degree b、serum concentration of unconjugated bilirubin too high c、plasm albumin d、blood acid-alkali degree
3、abo hemolytic disease may onset in the first fetus，because antigen abo in nature may make “o”type blood woman in serum contain：（） a、iga anti-a or anti-b b、igd anti-a or anti-b c、ige anti-a or anti-b d、igg anti-a or anti-b
4、what immunoglobulin can be acquired by neonate from mother？（） a、iga anti-a or anti-b b、igd anti-a or anti-b c、ige anti-a or anti-b d、igg anti-a or anti-b
5、what immunoglobulin can be acquired by neonate from mother？（d） a、iga b、igd c、ige d、igg
1.1 general newborn condition practice
1、the frequency of closed cardiac massage in neonatal asphyxia resuscitation:（） a、60-80 times/min b、80-100 times/min c、100-120 times/min d、120-140 times/min
2、which is the following is not correct about the secondary apnea?（） a、appear gasping respiration several times b、muscular tension disappear c、heart rate decrease d、bp increase
3、the ventilation frequency of face mask positive-pressure ventilation in neonatal asphyxia resuscitation: （） a、10-20 times/min b、20-30 times/min c、30-50 times/min d、40-60 times/min
4、male infant, full term, obstetrical forceps to help expulsion. extremities cyanosis after 1minute of birth, heart rate 90bpm, frown when stimulated, shallow and weak breath, relaxed muscular tone. how to score the infant by apgar? （） a、apgar scoring 1 b、apgar scoring 2 c、apgar scoring 3 d、apgar scoring 4
1、newborn infants mean ( ) a.infants from birth to 27 days of life b.infants from birth to 28 days of life c.infants from birth to 29 days of life d.infants from birth to 30 days of life
2、2. very low birth weight infant(vlbw) means:（） a.weight within 1 hour after birth <1.5kg b.weight within 1 hour after birth 3、3. an infant weighing 1800g who is born at 32 weeks’ gestation will be diagnosed as（） a. normal birth weight b. low birth weight c. very low birth weight d. very very low birth weight
5、5. perinatal period in china means（） a.from 20 weeks of gestation to 30 days of life b.from 25 weeks of gestation to 7 days of life c.from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days of life d.from 28 weeks of gestation to 3 days of life
1.2 respiratory distress syndrome homework
1、1. when respiratory distress syndrome(rds) is suspicious, which examinations is the most helpful? （） a.gastric fluid oscillation test, pl/pg<2:1 b.blood gas analysis c.chest x-ray d.ultrasonic inspection
2、2. the distress of respiratory in rds nearly happened:（） a. immediately after birth b.1-2 hours after birth c.2-6 hours after birth of respiratory d.6-8 hours after birth
3、3. the important manifestation in rds:（） a.nodding-like breathe b.cyanosis c.progressive distress of respiratory d.cough
4、4. rale character in rds when auscultation:（） a.wheeze b.bubbling rales c.medium bubbling rales d.tiny rale
5、5. hyaline membrane disease occurred in the premature infant is mainly due to the reason:（） a. asphyxia b. premature c. idm d. deficiency in surfactant
1.3 neonatal pneumonia homework
1、1. intrauterine infected pneumonia often episode: （） a.within 4 hours after birth b.within 6 hours after birth c.within 12 hours after birth d.within 24 hours after birth
2、2. the main pathogen of intrauterine infected pneumonia:（） a.bacteria b.virus c.mycoplasm d.protozoa
3、3. which of the following is the special character of intrauterine infected pneumonia？（） a.specific igm increase b.pathogen may be seen in gastric juice smear c.episode several days after birth d.cyanosis
4、4. a 4-day male infant,spit foam for one day,t 37℃,breath sounds is clear in both lungs,heart examination is normal,the most possible diagnosis：（） a.neonatal septicemia b.normal newborn c.wet lung of newborn d.pneumonia of newborn
5、5. what is the principle of antibiotic using for neonatal septicemia?（） a.early medication b.vein administration c.full course of treatment d.avoid united administration
1.4 hyperbilirubinemia and hemolytic disease homework
1、1. the most severe complication of hemolytic disease of newborn is:（） a.jaundice b.haemolysis c.anaemia d.bilirubin encephalopathy
2、2. which one is correct about physiologic jaundice？（） a.clinical jaundice in first 24 hours of life，the most severe in 2-3day b.fadeaway after 5~7day, not exceed 2 weeks of birth for full-term infants c.total serum bilirubin >221μmol/l(12.9mg/dl) for full-term infants d.nucleated rbc and reticulocyte increase
3、3. which one is the most common seen in rh hemolytic disease of newborn(hdn)?（） a.rhc hdn b.rhc hdn c.rhd hdn d.rhe hdn
4、4. the followings are features of metabolism of bilirubin in newborn infants,except：（） a.over product in bilirubin b.transport of bilirubin c.immaturity in metabolism in liver d.enterohepatic circulation decrease
5、5. a 8-day neonate，onset jaundice 3 days after birth，now still to remain obvious，t 36.5℃,suck the breast normally，blood leucocyte 12×109/l,tbil 201.78umol/l，the most possible diagnosis：（） a.hepatitis b.septicemia c.biliary tract deformation d.physiologic jaundice
1.1 general newborn condition homework
1、newborn infants mean ( ) a.infants from birth to 27 days of life b.infants from birth to 28 days of life c.infants from birth to 29 days of life d.infants from birth to 30 days of life
2、2. very low birth weight infant(vlbw) means:（） a.weight within 1 hour after birth <1.5kg b.weight within 1 hour after birth 3、3. an infant weighing 1800g who is born at 32 weeks’ gestation will be diagnosed as（） a. normal birth weight b. low birth weight c. very low birth weight d. very very low birth weight
5、5. perinatal period in china means（） a.from 20 weeks of gestation to 30 days of life b.from 25 weeks of gestation to 7 days of life c.from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days of life d.from 28 weeks of gestation to 3 days of life
chapter ii disorders of the gastrointestinal system
2.1infantile diarrhea practice
1、the course of children's chronic diarrhea is: a、within 1 week b、2 weeks to 2 months c、more than 2 months d、more than half a year e、none of the above
2、the cause of children dehydration is: a、vigorous water metabolism b、decreased secretion of digestive enzymes c、lack of body fluid d、very low igm and iga in blood e、decreased acidity of stomach
3、when children have diarrhea, the water loss of severe dehydration is ______ of body weight: a、5 %~10% b、15%~25% c、10%~15% d、20%~25% e、more than 10%
4、the cumulative loss of body fluid during moderate dehydration is about _____ (ml / kg): a、120~150 b、25~50 c、50~100 d、100~120 e、over 25
5、the main causes of metabolic acidosis caused by diarrhea in children are as follows: a、diarrhea loss of alkaline substances b、hungry ketosis c、increased production of acid metabolites d、renal acidolysis e、none of the above
2.2infantile diarrhea practice
1、the course of children's chronic diarrhea is: a、within 1 week b、2 weeks to 2 months c、more than 2 months d、more than half a year e、none of the above
2、the cause of children dehydration is: a、vigorous water metabolism b、decreased secretion of digestive enzymes c、lack of body fluid d、very low igm and iga in blood e、decreased acidity of stomach
3、when children have diarrhea, the water loss of severe dehydration is ______ of body weight: a、5 %~10% b、15%~25% c、10%~15% d、20%~25% e、more than 10%
4、the cumulative loss of body fluid during moderate dehydration is about _____ (ml / kg): a、120~150 b、25~50 c、50~100 d、100~120 e、over 25
5、the main causes of metabolic acidosis caused by diarrhea in children are as follows: a、diarrhea loss of alkaline substances b、hungry ketosis c、increased production of acid metabolites d、renal acidolysis e、none of the above
2.3fluid therapy practice
1、a 10 month old female infant was admitted to the hospital with vomiting for 3 days due to diarrhea. stool 7-8 times a day, egg flower soup like, slightly fishy, dry mouth less urine for one day. the children were mainly fed with milk. their parents had poor hygiene habits and less sterilized milk utensils. no previous history of diarrhea. physical examination: body temperature 38 ℃, poor spirit, less tears when crying, sunken anterior fontanelle and eye socket, dry lips, normal heart and lung. the abdomen is soft and the bowel sounds active. stool routine: yellow color, mucus, white blood cells 0 ~ 5 / hp the following factors are related to diarrhea in this case, except a、weak gastrointestinal function in infants b、overheated weather reduces the secretion of gastric acid and digestive enzymes c、artificial feeding, poor hygiene habits, less sterilization of dairy products d、lack of lactase, unable to tolerate dairy food e、there are fewer immunoglobulins and gastrointestinal siga in infants than in adults
2、a 10 month old female infant was admitted to the hospital with vomiting for 3 days due to diarrhea. stool 7-8 times a day, egg flower soup like, slightly fishy, dry mouth less urine for one day. the children were mainly fed with milk. their parents had poor hygiene habits and less sterilized milk utensils. no previous history of diarrhea. physical examination: body temperature 38 ℃, poor spirit, less tears when crying, sunken anterior fontanelle and eye socket, dry lips, normal heart and lung. the abdomen is soft and the bowel sounds active. stool routine: yellow color, mucus, white blood cells 0 ~ 5 / hp the most likely diagnosis of this case is: a、diarrhea in infants (due to dietary factors), moderate dehydration b、enteritis (caused by pathogenic escherichia coli), moderate dehydration c、enteritis (caused by pathogenic escherichia coli), severe dehydration d、enteritis (caused by enterovirus), moderate dehydration e、enteritis (caused by enterovirus), severe dehydration
3、a 10 month old female infant was admitted to the hospital with vomiting for 3 days due to diarrhea. stool 7-8 times a day, egg flower soup like, slightly fishy, dry mouth less urine for one day. the children were mainly fed with milk. their parents had poor hygiene habits and less sterilized milk utensils. no previous history of diarrhea. physical examination: body temperature 38 ℃, poor spirit, less tears when crying, sunken anterior fontanelle and eye socket, dry lips, normal heart and lung. the abdomen is soft and the bowel sounds active. stool routine: yellow color, mucus, white blood cells 0 ~ 5 / hp the total amount of liquid replenishment in the first 24 hours shall be: a、100-120ml / kg b、120 ~ 150ml / kg c、150-180ml / kg d、180-200ml/kg
4、a 10 month old female infant was admitted to the hospital with vomiting for 3 days due to diarrhea. stool 7-8 times a day, egg flower soup like, slightly fishy, dry mouth less urine for one day. the children were mainly fed with milk. their parents had poor hygiene habits and less sterilized milk utensils. no previous history of diarrhea. physical examination: body temperature 38 ℃, poor spirit, less tears when crying, sunken anterior fontanelle and eye socket, dry lips, normal heart and lung. the abdomen is soft and the bowel sounds active. stool routine: yellow color, mucus, white blood cells 0 ~ 5 / hp most likely pathogens a、staphylococcus aureus b、enterotoxigenic escherichia coli c、candida albicans d、yersinia e、rotavirus
5、a 10 month old female infant was admitted to the hospital with vomiting for 3 days due to diarrhea. stool 7-8 times a day, egg flower soup like, slightly fishy, dry mouth less urine for one day. the children were mainly fed with milk. their parents had poor hygiene habits and less sterilized milk utensils. no previous history of diarrhea. physical examination: body temperature 38 ℃, poor spirit, less tears when crying, sunken anterior fontanelle and eye socket, dry lips, normal heart and lung. the abdomen is soft and the bowel sounds active. stool routine: yellow color, mucus, white blood cells 0 ~ 5 / hp which treatment is correct: a、fast for 2 days due to obvious diarrhea b、give antidiarrheal immediately c、intramuscular injection of anti peristaltic agent d、intravenous penicillin e、intravenous rehydration to correct dehydration
2.1 infantile diarrhea：the introduction and etiology and pathogenesis homework
1、1. the most common pathogens of autumn diarrhea in children are: a. coxsackie virus b、influenza virus c. rotavirus d. pathogenic escherichia coli e. staphylococcus aureus
2、2. characteristics of diarrhea caused by rotavirus, which of the following is wrong: a. mostly seen in children aged 6 months to 2 years b. mostly seen in autumn c. often accompanied by upper respiratory tract infection d. poisoning symptoms are not obvious e. stink of stool
3、3. the main differences between severe diarrhea and light diarrhea in children is a. high fever b. nausea, vomiting, stupor c. more than 10 stools per day d. obvious disorder of water and electrolyte e. the stool is like egg flower soup or water sample
4、4. diarrhea in children, common electrolyte disorder: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis e. mixed acidosis
5、5.4-month-old children, breastfeeding, diarrhea for nearly 3 months, defecation 3-4 times / day, mushy, no pus and mucus, good appetite for spirit, ineffective treatment of various drugs, now weighing 6.8kg, diagnosed as: a. colitis b. viral enteritis c. fungal enteritis d. physiological diarrhea e. persistent diarrhea
2.2 infantile diarrhea：the clinical manifestation,diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis homework
1、1. the most common pathogens of autumn diarrhea in children are: a. coxsackie virus b、influenza virus c. rotavirus d. pathogenic escherichia coli e. staphylococcus aureus
2、2. characteristics of diarrhea caused by rotavirus, which of the following is wrong: a. mostly seen in children aged 6 months to 2 years b. mostly seen in autumn c. often accompanied by upper respiratory tract infection d. poisoning symptoms are not obvious e. stink of stool
3、3. the main differences between severe diarrhea and light diarrhea in children is a. high fever b. nausea, vomiting, stupor c. more than 10 stools per day d. obvious disorder of water and electrolyte e. the stool is like egg flower soup or water sample
4、4. diarrhea in children, common electrolyte disorder: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis e. mixed acidosis
5、5.4-month-old children, breastfeeding, diarrhea for nearly 3 months, defecation 3-4 times / day, mushy, no pus and mucus, good appetite for spirit, ineffective treatment of various drugs, now weighing 6.8kg, diagnosed as: a. colitis b. viral enteritis c. fungal enteritis d. physiological diarrhea e. persistent diarrhea
2.3 fluid therapy homework
1、1. transfusion time of dehydration and maintenance stage in children: a．4~8h b．8~12h c．12~16h d．16~24h e．24h
2、2. children with obvious diarrhea and dehydration, accompanied by peripheral circulation disorders, should be selected for expansion: a. isotonic sodium solution 50ml / kg b. isotonic sodium solution 30ml / kg c. isotonic sodium solution 20ml / kg d. 1 / 2 sodium solution 60ml / kg e. 2 / 3 sodium solution 40ml / kg
3、3. which is not suitable for potassium supplement? a. generally, the total amount of daily potassium supplement is 3-4mmol / kg b. the concentration of intravenous potassium should not exceed 0.3% c. potassium supplement amount in one day shall not be less than 6-8 hours d. see urinary potassium supplement e. stop potassium supplement in time when diarrhea improves
4、4. during oral rehydration, the main functions of glucose in ors are as follows: a. adjust osmotic pressure b. excretion of toxins by osmotic diuresis c. increase the reabsorption of water and sodium by small intestine d. treatment of ketosis e. none of the above
5、5.9-month-old infant, weight 8 kg, diarrhea for 3 days, watery stool, more than 10 times a day, with vomiting 4-5 times / day, urine volume significantly reduced, sunken eye socket, poor skin elasticity, warm limbs, serum sodium 128mmol / l. what kind of liquid infusion should be used first: a. 160ml 2:1 isotonic sodium solution, input within 30min b. 1 / 2 sodium solution 800ml, 8-12h input c. 2 / 3 sodium solution 550ml, 8-12h input d. 1 / 3 sodium solution 550ml, 8-12h input e. 1 / 5 sodium solution 550ml, 8-12h input
chapter iii disorders of the respiratory system
3.1 characteristics of children's respiratory system practice
1、which physical signs can help distinguish acute bronchitis from acute bronchopneumonia? a、dyspnea b、cyanosis c、harsh breath sounds d、variable rhonchi or rales e、fixed fine rales
2、a previously well 6-month-old infant had a runny nose, sneezing and cough with no fever or hoarseness for 2 days. four hours ago, his cough became much worse. on physical examination, he is in moderate respiratory distress with nasal flaring, hyperresonance to percussion on the chest, and wheezing without rales on auscultation. the most likely diagnosis is a、acute bronchiolitis b、acute bronchopneumonia c、asthma d、croup e、pertussis
3、the most likely agent responsible for the infant’s condition in the preceding question is a、streptococcus pneumoniae b、haemophilus influenzae c、mycoplasma pneumoniae d、respiratory syncytial virus e、influenza
4、a previously healthy 6-year-old boy had nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sore throat for 3 days. there is no fever, no rash and no abdominal pain. no abnormalities on auscultation of lung and heart. the most likely diagnosis is a、acute urti b、allergic rhinitis c、measles d、acute appendicitis e、acute bronchitis
5、what is the main cause of acute urti? a、mycoplasma pneumoniae b、allergen c、virus d、bacteria e、tuberculosis
3.2 pneumonia practice
1、among the pathophysiological changes of pneumonia, which is the most important change? a、hypoxia b、pulmonary edema c、dysfunction in the organs d、imbalance of acid and alkali metabolism
2、the main difference between acute bronchitis and pneumonia is: a、fever and cough b、wheezing and shortness of breath c、decreased breath sound d、fixed fine moist rales e、elevated white blood cells
3、which is the most common pathogen in infant acute bronchiolitis? a、respiratory syncytial virus b、influenza virus c、rhinovirus d、ecovirus e、coxsackie virus
4、which pathogen usually cause pneumonia with empyema and empyema? a、adenovirus b、respiratory syncytial virus c、staphylococcus aureus d、mycoplasma pneumoniae
5、according to the pathologic patterns, pneumonia can be classified as following types except? a、lobar pneumonia b、lobular pneumonia c、typical pneumonia d、bronchopneumonia e、interstitial pneumonia;
3.3 pneumonia practice
1、what is the method used for the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia？ a、blood routine test b、chest x-ray c、culture of mycoplasma pneumoniae d、test the antibody of mycoplasma pneumoniae
2、the most common cause of abdominal distention in children with severe pneumonia is a、hypocalcemia b、indigestion c、hypokalemia d、toxic enteroparalysis e、hyponatremia
3、the most common disorder of acid-base balance in children with severe pneumonia is a、respiratory acidosis b、metabolic acidosis c、mixed acidosis d、respiratory alkalosis
4、the key to systemic changes caused by pneumonia in children a、infection caused by pathogens b、tissue destruction c、hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention d、low immune function
5、a 2-year-old girl, has fever for 3 days, and cough for 2days. fine moist rales can be found in both lungs on auscultation. what’s the most possible diagnosis? a、asthma b、pleural effusion c、acute bronchitis d、pneumoniae
3.4 asthma practice
1、which is the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood. a、tuberculosis b、copd c、asthma d、foreign body aspiration e、obliterative bronchiolitis
2、what is the most common pathophysiologic changes during asthma exacerbations. a、contraction of airway smooth muscles b、thickening of the airway wall c、mucosal hyperemia and edema d、mucus production e、mucosal necrosis
3、which is the common cause of asthma exacerbations. a、dust mites b、cockroaches c、pollens d、respiratory bacterial infection e、exercise
4、what is the most common inflammation type of asthma. a、eosinophilic b、neutrophilic c、basophilic d、lymphocytic e、monocytic
5、which one of the following suggests life-threatening exacerbation of asthma. a、shortness of breath at rest b、silent chest c、sao2 is 92% d、agitated e、increased pulse rate
3.5 asthma practice
1、which is the first choice for management of asthma exacerbations. a、leukotriene receptor antagonist b、inhaled short-acting β2 agonists c、anticholinergic agents d、magnesium sulfate e、theophylline
2、which one of the following tests is not suitable for management of asthma. a、leukotriene receptor antagonist b、inhaled corticosteroids c、antibiotics d、inhaled long-acting β2 agonists e、theophylline
3、how much dose fev1 increase from baseline after inhalation of a bronchodilator, is diagnostic to asthma. a、≥8% b、≥10% c、≥12% d、≥20% e、≥22%
4、how much dose fev1 decrease from baseline after inhalation of standard doses of methacholine or histamine, is diagnostic to asthma. a、≥8% b、≥10% c、≥12% d、≥20% e、≥22%
5、what is the most common inflammation type of asthma. a、eosinophilic b、neutrophilic c、basophilic d、lymphocytic e、monocytic
3.1 characteristics of children's respiratory system homework
1、1. a previously healthy 6-year-old boy had nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and sore throat for 3 days. there is no fever, no rash and no abdominal pain. no abnormalities on auscultation of lung and heart. the most likely diagnosis is a. acute urti b. allergic rhinitis c. measles d. acute appendicitis e. acute bronchitis
2、2. what is the main cause of acute urti? a. mycoplasma pneumoniae b. allergen c. virus d. bacteria e. tuberculosis
3、3. a 2-year-old boy woke in the night, developed noisy breathing on inspiration, had marked retractions of the chest wall, and a barking cough. he had a mild upper respiratory infection for 2 days. the most likely diagnosis is a. asthma b. epiglottitis c. croup d. foreign body in the right principal bronchus e. laryngomalacia
4、4. which of the following may not present in croup? a. barking cough b. hoarseness c. inspiratory stridor d. high fever e. aphonia
5、5. what is the most common symptom of acute bronchitis? a. hoarseness b. wheezing c. cough d. high fever e. dyspnea
3.2 pneumonia: classification, pathology and clinical manifestations homework
1、1. according to the pathologic patterns, pneumonia can be classified as following types except? a. lobar pneumonia b. lobular pneumonia c. typical pneumonia d. bronchopneumonia e. interstitial pneumonia;
2、2. what is the typical sign of bronchopneumonia on auscultation? a. cough b. wheezing c. short of breath d. fixed end-inspiratory fine rales e. chest tightness
3、3. during the course of bronchopneumonia, if physical examination reveals dullness to percussion or disappeared breath sounds, what should be considered? a. asthma b. pleural effusion c. pneumatocele d. mycoplasma pneumoniae e. hap
4、4. a 6-week-old child develops increased respiratory rate and a non- productive cough. physical examination is significant for rales and rhonchi. the past medical history for the child is positive for an eye discharge at 3 weeks of age, which was treated with a topical antibiotic drug. the most likely organism causing this child’s condition is a. staphylococcus aureus b. group b streptococcus c. mycoplasma pneumoniae d. chlamydia trachomatis e. herpesvirus
5、5. appropriate therapy for the patient in the previous question includes a. ceftriaxone b. acyclovir c. penicillin g d. nafcillin e. erythromycin
3.3 pneumonia: complications, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment homework
1、1.a 13-year-old boy develops fever, malaise, sore throat, and a non-productive cough over several days. he does not appear to be particularly sick, but his chest examination is significant for diffuse rales and rhonchi. wbc is normal and crp is elevated. the chest radiograph reveals consolidation in the right lower lobe. the most likely pathogen is a. staphylococcus aureus b. mycobacterium tuberculosis c. mycoplasma pneumoniae d. streptococcus pneumoniae e. adenovirus
2、2. what is the first choice of antibiotic for mpp? a. penicillin b. amoxicillin c. cefotaxime d. vancomycin e. azithromycin
3、3. a 6-year-old boy is brought to the emergency room with a 3-h history of fever to 39.5°c and sore throat. the child appears alert but anxious and toxic. he has mild inspiratory stridor and is drooling. you should immediately a. examine the throat and obtain a culture b. obtain an arterial blood gas and start an iv line c. order a chest x-ray and lateral view of the neck d. prepare to establish an airway e. admit the child and place him in a mist tent
4、4. a 2-year-old girl, has fever for 3 days, and cough for 2days. fine moist rales can be found in both lungs on auscultation. what’s the most possible diagnosis? a. asthma b. pleural effusion c. acute bronchitis d. pneumoniae
5、5. the key to systemic changes caused by pneumonia in children a. infection caused by pathogens b. tissue destruction c. hypoxia and carbon dioxide retention d. low immune function
3.4 asthma: definition, etiology ,pathophysiology and clinical manifestations homework
1、1、which of the clinical features is not common in asthma ? a. cough b. wheezing c. short of breath d. fever e. chest tightness
2、2、which is not the common finding of lung function test in patients with asthma? a. normal b. reduced ratio of fev1 to fvc with reduced fev1 c. positive bronchodilator reversibility test. d. positive bronchial provocation test e. restrictive disorder
3、3、which is the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood. a. tuberculosis b. copd c. asthma d. foreign body aspiration e. obliterative bronchiolitis
4、4、what is the most common pathophysiologic changes during asthma exacerbations. a. contraction of airway smooth muscles b. thickening of the airway wall c. mucosal hyperemia and edema d. mucus production e. mucosal necrosis
5、5、which is the common cause of asthma exacerbations. a. dust mites b. cockroaches c. pollens d. respiratory bacterial infection e. exercise
3.5 asthma: diagnosis and treatment homework
1、1.which one of the following suggests life-threatening exacerbation of asthma. a. shortness of breath at rest b. silent chest c. sao2 is 92% d. agitated e. increased pulse rate
2、2、which is the non-invasive test for airway inflammation in asthma. a. feno b. chest x-ray c. skin prick testing d. arterial blood gas analysis e. sputum analysis
3、3、which is not essential for the diagnosis of cough-variant asthma. a. chronic cough more than 4 weeks with little sputum, usually worsen at night or in early morning. b. no sign of infections or unresponsive to antibiotics. c. high-pitched whistling sounds on auscultation. d. symptomatic improvement with asthma medications. e. ruling out other diseases that may cause chronic cough.
4、4、if the symptoms are atypical, which of the following can help in the diagnosis of asthma. a. elevated feno b. normal chest x-ray c. positive skin prick testing d. positive bronchodilator reversibility test e. sputum analysis shows eosinophilic inflammation
5、5、which is most effective drug in reducing airway inflammation of asthma. a. leukotriene receptor antagonist b. inhaled corticosteroids c. anticholinergic agents d. inhaled short-acting β2 agonists e. theophylline
chapter iv disorders of the cardiovascular system
4.1 overview of congenital heart disease practice
1、the cause of congenital heart disease is not clear. there are many possible causes. what is not considered : ( ) a、excessive exercise in early pregnancy b、virus infection in early pregnancy c、bacterial infection in early pregnancy d、early maternal exposure to radioactive substances e、application of some drugs in early pregnancy
2、which is inconsistent with the characteristics of cyanosis congenital heart disease: ( ) a、growth retardation b、blue and purple lighten when crying c、the skin and mucous membrane are blue and purple d、clubbing toes e、hypoxic attack
3、which of the following heart diseases is not a congenital heart disease: a、rheumatic heart disease b、pulmonary artery stenosis c、atrial septal defect d、ventricular septal defect e、tetralogy of fallot
4、the organs with the highest blood oxygen content in fetal circulation is: a、liver b、heart c、lung d、brain e、gastrointestinal tract
5、5. the most common complication of left to right shunt congenital heart disease is a、pneumonia b、cerebral embolism c、arrhythmia d、recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy e、subacute bacterial endocarditis
4.2 atrial septal defect practice
1、the most important manifestation of ecg in typical cases of asd is a、incomplete right bundle branch block b、incomplete left bundle branch block c、left ventricular hypertrophy d、left atrial hypertrophy e、left deviation of electric shaft
2、the principle of the generation of atrial septal defect noise is a、large left atrium b、right atrium large c、relative stenosis of pulmonary valve d、left ventricular large e、large left and right ventricles
3、the second sound of pulmonary artery in asd is a、hyperactivity b、weaken c、division d、undivided e、fixed division
4、in the congenital heart disease of left to right shunt, the left ventricular load is not increased a、patent ductus arteriosus b、atrial septal defect c、ventricular septal defect d、ventricular septal defect with right ventricular funnel stenosis e、ventricular septal defect with pulmonary artery stenosis
5、which of the following does not support asd? a、2-3 intercostal murmur at left border of sternum b、attenuation of the second tone in pulmonary valve area c、protuberance of pulmonary artery, dancing of pulmonary hilus d、x it shows that the left and right chambers are large e、electrocardiograph showed that the axis was right, right atrium and right ventricle were large
4.3 ventricular septal defect practice
1、according to the hemodynamic changes of vsd, the first cardiac cavity causing the enlargement is a、right ventricular enlargement b、right atrial enlargement c、pulmonary artery dilation d、left ventricular enlargement e、left atrial enlargement
2、the typical murmur of vsd is a、grade ii systolic murmur between the two intercostals at the left border of sternum b、2nd level diastolic murmur of left border of sternum c、systolic murmur of intercostal class ⅱ - ⅲ at the left border of sternum d、grade ii diastolic murmur of 3-4 intercostals at left border of sternum e、grade ii systolic murmur between 3-4 intercostals at left border of sternum
3、if the ventricular septal defect appears hoarseness clinically, the most common reason is a、the left ventricle enlarges and compresses the recurrent laryngeal nerve b、pulmonary artery dilation and compression of recurrent laryngeal nerve c、the left and right ventricles are enlarged, compressing the recurrent laryngeal nerve d、right ventricular enlargement, compression of recurrent laryngeal nerve e、the left atrium is enlarged and the recurrent laryngeal nerve is compressed
4、hemodynamic changes of vsd are : a、enlargement of left and right ventricles b、enlargement of right atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle c、enlargement of left atrium, right atrium and left ventricle d、left, right atrium and right ventricle enlargement e、left and right atrium and left and right ventricular enlargement
5、which is not correct about the clinical manifestation of vsd? a、no symptom in small vsd b、harsh pansystolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border in the third and fourth intercostals spaces c、the second sound in pulmonary is low d、fine tremor e、growth retardation
4.4 patent ductus arteriosus practice
1、when the shunt flow of patent ductus arteriosus is large, but not accompanied with pulmonary hypertension, x-ray mainly shows pulmonary congestion and pulmonary artery segment protrusion a、right ventricular enlargement b、enlargement of right atrium and right ventricle c、left atrial enlargement d、left ventricular enlargement e、enlargement of left atrium and left ventricle
2、the hemodynamic changes of patent ductus arteriosus first cause a、left ventricular enlargement b、left atrial enlargement c、pulmonary artery dilation d、right ventricular enlargement e、right atrial enlargement
3、it can appear when there is significant pulmonary hypertension in patent ductus arteriosus a、blue and purple on head and face b、blue and purple upper body c、blue and purple d、terminal cyan e、blue and purple lower body
4、which is caused by patent ductus arteriosus? a、enlargement of left atrium, right atrium and left ventricle b、enlargement of right atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle c、enlargement of left and right ventricles d、left, right atrium and left and right ventricles are enlarged e、enlargement of left atrium and left ventricle
5、which is belong to the pathophysiology changes of pda? a、right atria and right ventricle dilated b、right atria and double ventricle dilated c、double atria and double ventricle dilated d、double atria and right ventricle dilated e、left atria and left ventricle dilated
4.5 tetralogy of fallot practice
1、there are four types of malformations in the tetralogy of fallot, the only exception being: a、pulmonary artery stenosis b、aortic straddle c、ventricular septal defect d、right ventricular hypertrophy e、clubbed-fingers
2、in the clinical symptoms of children with tetralogy of fallot, the following factors play a decisive role: a、degree of pulmonary artery stenosis b、extent of aortic span c、the size of vsd d、the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy e、the appearance of clubbing fingers
3、the clinical manifestations of the illegal lutheran tetralogy are as follows: a、no cyanosis b、growth retardation c、squatting phenomenon d、hypoxic attack e、clubbing toes
4、the mechanism of bluish violet in faroux's tetralogy is related to many factors a、increased right ventricular pressure b、decreased pulmonary circulation c、right ventricular blood enters the left ventricle through the ventricular defect d、right ventricular blood enters the aorta directly e、heart failure
5、tetralogy of fallot can be complicated with cerebral thrombosis a、unsmooth vascular wall b、thrombocytosis c、erythrocytosis d、leukocytosis e、low blood oxygen
4.1 overview of congenital heart disease homework
1、1. when will the original heart have circulatory function in embryonic period? ( ) a. 4 months of embryo b. 2 weeks of embryo c. 12 weeks of embryo d. 8 weeks of embryo e. 4 weeks of embryo
2、2. which is not the common complications of left to right shunt congenital heart disease? () a. pulmonary hypertension b. pneumonia c. congestive heart failure d. infective endocarditis e. cerebral embolism
3、3. which is correct about the cardiothoracic ratio in infant? ( ) a. ＜50% b. ＜55% c. ＜45% d. ＞50% e. ＞45%
4、4. how about the size of heart before two years old? ( ) a. apex beat is at the fourth intercostals, outside 1 cm of left midclavicular line b. apex beat is at the fifth intercostals, outside 1 cm of left midclavicular line c. apex beat is at the fourth intercostals, inside 1 cm of left midclavicular line d. apex beat is at the fifth intercostals, inside 1 cm of left midclavicular line e. apex beat is at the fourth intercostals, on the left midclavicular line
5、5. which is the most common left to right shunt congenital heart disease? ( ) a.ps b.pda c.tof d.asd e.vsd
4.2 atrial septal defect homework
1、1.which is belong to the pathophysiology changes of asd? ( ) a. right atria and right ventricle dilated b. left atria and left ventricle dilated c. double atria and double ventricle dilated d. double atria and left ventricle dilated e. left atria and double ventricle dilated
2、2. which one decides the clinical symptom of asd? ( c) a. the size of defect and the pressure difference between two atria b. the size of defect and the pressure of pulmonary c. the size of defect d. the type of defect e. the pressure difference between two atrias
3、3. the murmur of asd is from ( ) a. the defect of atrial septum b. the size of defect c. the speed of blood flow d. comparative stenosis of pulmonary valve e. the place of defect
4、4. which is not the common complication of asd? ( ) a. pulmonary hypertention b. pneumonia c. congestive heart failure d. infective endocarditis e. arrhythmia
5、5. the murmur of asd is from ( ) a. the defect of atrial septum b. the size of defect c. the speed of blood flow d. comparative stenosis of pulmonary valve e. the place of defect
4.3 ventricular septal defect homework
1、1. which type is more in vsd? ( ) a. defect on muscle part b. defect on antrum muscle part c. defect on infundibular muscle part d. defect on trabecular muscle part e. defect around membranous part
2、2. which is not correct about the clinical manifestation of vsd? ( c ) a. no symptom in small vsd b. harsh pansystolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border in the third and fourth intercostals spaces c. the second sound in pulmonary is low d. fine tremor e. growth retardation
3、3. which one decides the clinical manifestation of vsd? ( ) a. the size of defect and the pressure difference between two ventricles b. the size of defect and the pressure of pulmonary c. the size of defect d. the type of defect e. the pressure difference between two ventricles
4、4. when the vsd patient with pneumonia and congestive heart failure, what is the therapy principle? ( ) a. cardiac, diuresis, dilate blood vessel, oxygen inhalation b. anti-infection, cardiac, diuresis, dilate blood vessel c. anti-infection, cardiac, oxygen inhalation d. interposition therapy e. operation
5、5. which is belong to the pathophysiology changes of vsd? ( ) a. right atria and right ventricle dilated b. left atria and left ventricle dilated c. double atria and double ventricle dilated d. double atria and left ventricle dilated e. right atria and double ventricle dilated
4.4 patent ductus arteriosus homework
1、1.which is not correct about the clinical manifestation of pda? ( ) a. difference cyanosis b. the murmur is a very rough “machinery” murmur that is maximal at the second intercostals space at the left sternal border c. the second sound in pulmonary is high d. hypoxemic spell e. peripheral vascular sign
2、2. which is belong to the pathophysiology changes of pda? ( ) a. right atria and right ventricle dilated b. right atria and double ventricle dilated c. double atria and double ventricle dilated d. double atria and right ventricle dilated e. left atria and left ventricle dilated
3、3. which one decides the clinical symptom of pda? ( ) a. the pressure difference between two atrias b. the pressure of pulmonary c. the size of duct d. the type of pda e. the pressure difference between two ventricles
4、4. which is not the common complication of patent ductus arteriosus? ( ) a. pulmonary hypertention b. pneumonia c. congestive heart failure d. infective endocarditis e. cerebral embolism
5、5. which is correct about the cardiac catheterization of pda? ( ) a. oxygen saturation of pulmonary＞ oxygen saturation of artery b. oxygen saturation of pulmonary＞ oxygen saturation of right ventricle c. oxygen saturation of right ventricle＞ oxygen saturation of right atria d. oxygen saturation of artery is decreased e. oxygen saturation of right ventricle＞ oxygen saturation of pulmonary
4.5 tetralogy of fallot homework
1、1. which is not the anatomic composition about tetralogy of fallot? ( ) a. obstruction of right ventricular outflow b. left ventricular hypertrophy c. vsd d. right ventricular hypertrophy e. overriding of the aorta
2、2. which one decides the clinical manifestation of tetralogy of fallot? ( ) a. obstruction of right ventricular outflow b. the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy c. the size of ventricular septal defect d. overriding of the aorta e. the pressure differencc between two ventricles
3、3. the murmur of tof is from ( ) a. the defect of ventricular septum b. the size of defect c. the speed of blood flow d. overriding of the aorta e. obstruction of right ventricular outflow
4、4. what is the cyanosis relative with in tof? ( ) a. the size of ventricular septal defect b. the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy c. the degree of obstruction of right ventricular outflow d. overriding of the aorta e. the pressure difference between two ventricles
5、5. which is not the general nursing care the patients with tof? ( ) a. prevent infection b. fluid infusion in time c. sedative d. prevent dehydration e. prevent complications
mid-term examination
objective items of mid-term examination
1、1. at which month does the head circumference equal to the chest circumference? a. 8 month b. 10month c. 12 month d. 14 month a、a. 8 month b、b. 10month c、c. 12 month d、d. 14 month
2、2. using the percentile rank method to do the assessment of growth, below which percentile is obvious deviation? a. p50 b. p30 c. p20 d.p3 a、a. p50 b、b. p30 c、c. p20 d、d.p3
3、3. the number of 12-month-old child’s primary teeth is： a. 2~4 b. 4~6 c. 6~8 d. 8~10 a、a. 2~4 b、b. 4~6 c、c. 6~8 d、d. 8~10
4、4. the number of ossification center of a normally developed boy is 5, what is the most probably age? a. 1 yr b. 2 yr c. 3 yr d. 4 yr a、a. 1 yr b、b. 2 yr c、c. 3 yr d、d. 4 yr
5、5. about the main characteristics of the early period of vitamin-d deficiency rickets, which one of below is right? a. skeletal deformity b. delay of motor development c.x-ray abnormity of skeleton d. excitability of nervous system a、a. skeletal deformity b、b. delay of motor development c、c.x-ray abnormity of skeleton d、d. excitability of nervous system
6、6. what is the most sensitive index for early diagnosis of vitamin-d deficiency rickets? a. serum phosphorus decreased b. akp elevated c. serum calcium decreased d. 25-(oh)d3 decreased a、a. serum phosphorus decreased b、b. akp elevated c、c. serum calcium decreased d、d. 25-(oh)d3 decreased
7、7. what is the most important clinical manifestation of down syndrome? a. head circumstanced decreased b. mental retardation c. short stature d. abnormal skin texture a、a. head circumstanced decreased b、b. mental retardation c、c. short stature d、d. abnormal skin texture
8、8. which genetic mode of down syndrome is right? a. single gene disease b. multiple gene disease c. somatic cell genetic disorder d.autosomal abnormalities a、a. single gene disease b、b. multiple gene disease c、c. somatic cell genetic disorder d、d.autosomal abnormalities
9、9.according to pathologic classification, bronchopneumonia is belong to: a. lobar pneumonia b. lobular pneumonia c. interstitial pneumonia d. bronchiolitis a、a. lobar pneumonia b、b. lobular pneumonia c、c. interstitial pneumonia d、d. bronchiolitis
10、10.the course of antibiotic for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is: a. 1 week b. 1-2 weeks c. 2 weeks d. at least 2-3 weeks a、a. 1 week b、b. 1-2 weeks c、c. 2 weeks d、d. at least 2-3 weeks
11、11.a 6 months old boy, cough and gasp for 2 days, temperature is 37.5℃，distinct gasp and expiratory dspneay, expiratory wheezes in both lungs, the most possible cause is： a. adenovirus b. mycoplasma pneumoniae c. respiratory syncytial virus d. staphylococcal aureus a、a. adenovirus b、b. mycoplasma pneumoniae c、c. respiratory syncytial virus d、d. staphylococcal aureus
12、12.which is the best way to treatment for asthma? a. inhalation b. intravenous drip c. oral application d. intramuscular injection a、a. inhalation b、b. intravenous drip c、c. oral application d、d. intramuscular injection
13、13.the severe pneumonia often has: a. metabolic acidosis b. respiratory acidosis c. metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis d. metabolic alkalosis a、a. metabolic acidosis b、b. respiratory acidosis c、c. metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis d、d. metabolic alkalosis
14、14.the murmur of tof is from a. the defect of ventricular septum b. the size of defect c. the speed of blood flow d. obstruction of right ventricular outflow a、a. the defect of ventricular septum b、b. the size of defect c、c. the speed of blood flow d、d. obstruction of right ventricular outflow
15、15.which examination could help to make operation program and estimate prognosis? a. ecg b. x-ray c. ucg d. cardioangiography a、a. ecg b、b. x-ray c、c. ucg d、d. cardioangiography
16、16.the period of embryo heart development is a. 4-8 weeks of embryo b. 2-4 weeks of embryo c. 2-12 weeks of embryo d. 2-8 weeks of embryo a、a. 4-8 weeks of embryo b、b. 2-4 weeks of embryo c、c. 2-12 weeks of embryo d、d. 2-8 weeks of embryo
17、17.when will the foramen ovale be closed anatomically? a. at the 5-7 month after birth b. at the 2-3 month after birth c. at the 1 year after birth d. at 10-15 hours after birth a、a. at the 5-7 month after birth b、b. at the 2-3 month after birth c、c. at the 1 year after birth d、d. at 10-15 hours after birth
18、18.which is belong to latent cyanotic congenital heart disease? a. vsd b. kd c. tof d. tga a、a. vsd b、b. kd c、c. tof d、d. tga
19、19.which is belong to the pathophysiology changes of vsd? a. right atria and right ventricle dilated b. left atria and left ventricle dilated c. double atria and double ventricle dilated d. double atria and left ventricle dilated a、a. right atria and right ventricle dilated b、b. left atria and left ventricle dilated c、c. double atria and double ventricle dilated d、d. double atria and left ventricle dilated
20、20.which is the main blood formation organ in 4th month of embryo： a. yolk sac b. lymph c. liver d. kidney a、a. yolk sac b、b. lymph c、c. liver d、d. kidney
21、21.infancy physiologic anemia is in： a. 12 days--1 month b. 1--2 months c. 2--3 months d. 3--4 months a、a. 12 days--1 month b、b. 1--2 months c、c. 2--3 months d、d. 3--4 months
22、22.about newborn, the low limit of anemia is a. hb＜150g/l b. hb＜145g/l c. hb＜140g/l d. hb＜135g/l a、a. hb＜150g/l b、b. hb＜145g/l c、c. hb＜140g/l d、d. hb＜135g/l
23、23.which anemia accord with the red cells is microcytic and hypochromic? a．nutritional iron deficiency anemia b．nutritional megaloblastic anemia c．hereditary spherocytosis d．thalassemia a、a．nutritional iron deficiency anemia b、b．nutritional megaloblastic anemia c、c．hereditary spherocytosis d、d．thalassemia
24、24.to prevent nutritional iron deficiency anemia，which is the main way? a．pure breast milk feeding b．the milk should be heat treatment when the cow’s milk feeding to reduce blood lose due to allergic c．add auxiliary food in time which contain enrich iron and high absorb rate d．ferralium to prevent a、a．pure breast milk feeding b、b．the milk should be heat treatment when the cow’s milk feeding to reduce blood lose due to allergic c、c．add auxiliary food in time which contain enrich iron and high absorb rate d、d．ferralium to prevent
25、25.which one is the most common complication of children purulent meningitis? a．hydrocephalus b．cerebral palsy c．epilepsia d．subdural effusion a、a．hydrocephalus b、b．cerebral palsy c、c．epilepsia d、d．subdural effusion
26、26.which examination is most useful for diagnosis purulent meningitis？ a．blood routine b．head ct c．electroencephalography d．cerebrospinal fluid examination a、a．blood routine b、b．head ct c、c．electroencephalography d、d．cerebrospinal fluid examination
27、27.which one has the most epidemic feature in purulent meningitis？ a. staphylocccus aureus b. streptococcus pneumoniae c. colon bacillus d. meningitis diplococcus a、a. staphylocccus aureus b、b. streptococcus pneumoniae c、c. colon bacillus d、d. meningitis diplococcus
28、28.a 10 months old female，fever、phlegmon on waist and back for 6 days, after that，occur frequently vomit、lethargy、convulsion 3 times，symptom is improvement after treatment by penicillin，5 days later the patient dysphoria，convulsion many times，high fever is difficult fall. what’s the most possible diagnosis？ a purulent meningitis by partly treatment b viral meningitis、encephalitis c tubercular meningitis d purulent meningitis complicate with subdural effusion a、a purulent meningitis by partly treatment b、b viral meningitis、encephalitis c、c tubercular meningitis d、d purulent meningitis complicate with subdural effusion
29、29.a 16 months old boy， fever、vomit、 cough for 7 days， lethargy、convulsion recently 2 two days，blood routine shows wbc distinct increased，neutrophil 90%，found poisoning grain，csf shows wbc is increased，protein is increased，glucose is reduced. the most important treatment is： a． intravenous antibiotic which easy through blood-brain barrier b． using glucocorticoid as early c． large dose mannitol d． stop convulsion at once a、a． intravenous antibiotic which easy through blood-brain barrier b、b． using glucocorticoid as early c、c． large dose mannitol d、d． stop convulsion at once
30、30.very low birth weight infant(vlbw) means: a.weight within 1 hour after birth <1.5kg b.weight within 1 hour after birth a、a.weight within 1 hour after birth <1.5kg b、b.weight within 1 hour after birth c、c.weight within 1 hour after birth <2.5kg d、d.weight within 1 hour after birth <1kg
31、31.the pathogenetic core of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is: a.hypoxia b.hypercarbia c.respiratory acidosis d.metabolic acidosis a、a.hypoxia b、b.hypercarbia c、c.respiratory acidosis d、d.metabolic acidosis
32、32.which type is the most common seen in intracranial hemorrhage of newborn(ich)? a.periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage b.primary subarachnoid hemorrhage c.intraparenchymal hemorrhage d.subdural hemorrhage a、a.periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage b、b.primary subarachnoid hemorrhage c、c.intraparenchymal hemorrhage d、d.subdural hemorrhage
33、33.the most important physical sign of rds when auscultation: a.exhalation sound prolong b.tubular sound c.bubbling rales d.respiratory sound lower a、a.exhalation sound prolong b、b.tubular sound c、c.bubbling rales d、d.respiratory sound lower
34、34.the most severe complication of hemolytic disease of newborn is: a.jaundice b.haemolysis c.anaemia d.bilirubin encephalopathy a、a.jaundice b、b.haemolysis c、c.anaemia d、d.bilirubin encephalopathy
35、35.the main diagnostic accordings for abo blood type incompatibility： a.clinical jaundice in first 24 hours of life; b.anaemia,splenohepatomegalia,jaundice onset early and progress rapidly c.mother "o"group，infant "a" group d.antibody release test a、a.clinical jaundice in first 24 hours of life; b、b.anaemia,splenohepatomegalia,jaundice onset early and progress rapidly c、c.mother "o"group，infant "a" group d、d.antibody release test
36、36.which of the following is correct about hypertonic dehydration？ a.water loss＜sodium losing b.water loss of intracellular fluid＜water loss of extracellular fluid c.skin elasticity reduce＞dehydration degree d.symptom of nervous system obvioes，high fever，dysphoria，muscular tension increase a、a.water loss＜sodium losing b、b.water loss of intracellular fluid＜water loss of extracellular fluid c、c.skin elasticity reduce＞dehydration degree d、d.symptom of nervous system obvioes，high fever，dysphoria，muscular tension increase
37、37.which of the following is correct about ors? a.almost 1/2 tonic solution b.contain k concentration 0.2% c.proper to supply preexisting losses and ongoing abnormal losses, proper to prevent dehydration too d.prohibition of food and water during supplying preexisting losses a、a.almost 1/2 tonic solution b、b.contain k concentration 0.2% c、c.proper to supply preexisting losses and ongoing abnormal losses, proper to prevent dehydration too d、d.prohibition of food and water during supplying preexisting losses
38、38.what is the main difference between severe dehydration and moderate dehydration: a. poor skin elasticity b. depressed eye sockets c. oliguria or anuria d. peripheral circulatory failure a、a. poor skin elasticity b、b. depressed eye sockets c、c. oliguria or anuria d、d. peripheral circulatory failure
39、39.when hypokalemia is accompanied in infantile diarrhea, what is the main ecg manifestation? a.s-t section lower, t wave flat or inversion, u wave emerge b.t wave tall and sharp, show tent shape c.q-t interval extend d.p-r interval shorten a、a.s-t section lower, t wave flat or inversion, u wave emerge b、b.t wave tall and sharp, show tent shape c、c.q-t interval extend d、d.p-r interval shorten
40、40.what is the main pathogen of infantile diarrhea in autumn? a. adenovirus b. coxsackie virus c. rotavirus d. enteropathogenic e.coli a、a. adenovirus b、b. coxsackie virus c、c. rotavirus d、d. enteropathogenic e.coli
41、41.what is the main mechanism of edema in apsgn? a. hypoproteinemia due to a great quantity of proteinuria b. acute heart failure caused by acute hypertension c. water-sodium retention caused by acute aldosterone increase glomerular filtration rate d. glomerular filtration rate descend a、a. hypoproteinemia due to a great quantity of proteinuria b、b. acute heart failure caused by acute hypertension c、c. water-sodium retention caused by acute aldosterone increase glomerular filtration rate d、d. glomerular filtration rate descend
42、42.which of the following clinical manifestations are correct in typical case of apsgn? a.hypertension，hematuria，proteinuria b.proteinuria, hypertension c.edema，hypertension，hematuria d.oliguria，edema，hypertension a、a.hypertension，hematuria，proteinuria b、b.proteinuria, hypertension c、c.edema，hypertension，hematuria d、d.oliguria，edema，hypertension
43、43.patients with acute glomerulonephritis are given penicillin in order to: a.control inflammation in kidney b.prevent the development of inflammation in kidney c.clear infection focus in body d.prevent other complication a、a.control inflammation in kidney b、b.prevent the development of inflammation in kidney c、c.clear infection focus in body d、d.prevent other complication
44、44.a six-year-old child with severe edema, plasma protein 34g/l, albumin16g/l, urine protein( ), bp 80/60mmhg, what should be used first of all: a.albumin b.blood c.glucocorticoid d.diuresis mixture a、a.albumin b、b.blood c、c.glucocorticoid d、d.diuresis mixture
45、45.a six-year-old child with ns, has been treated for one year, yesterday onset fever, vomiting, diarrhea, today poor food appetite, drowsiness, bp descent, except treatment of etiological factor, what should be give at once? a.ca b.mg c.na d.k a、a.ca b、b.mg c、c.na d、d.k
46、46.a post-term birth female neonate,birth weight 4kg,jaundice not completely fadeaway after two months,low and dumb crying,hand and feet cool,suck the breast slowly,umbilical hernia,constipation,one time every six to seven days.what disease is possible? a.sporadic congenital hypothyroidism b.neonatal hepatitis syndrome c.habitual constipation d.congenital megacolon a、a.sporadic congenital hypothyroidism b、b.neonatal hepatitis syndrome c、c.habitual constipation d、d.congenital megacolon
47、47.the main etiological factor of endemic congenital hypothyroidism: a.deficiency of iodine in mother's prenatal diet b.absence of thyroid c.thyroid hormone dyssynthesis d.mother's using antithyroid drug during pregnancy a、a.deficiency of iodine in mother's prenatal diet b、b.absence of thyroid c、c.thyroid hormone dyssynthesis d、d.mother's using antithyroid drug during pregnancy
48、48.what is the most effective measure for hypothyroidism? a.strengthen training，improve nervous system symptoms b.take medicine of iodine c.take medicine of thyroid tablets d.take medicine of fe agent，folic acid and vitaminb12 a、a.strengthen training，improve nervous system symptoms b、b.take medicine of iodine c、c.take medicine of thyroid tablets d、d.take medicine of fe agent，folic acid and vitaminb12
49、49. when a 2-month patient with congenital hypothyroidism takes x-ray for measuring bone age, the best position is: a. wrist joint b. knee joint c. elbow joint d. hip joint a、a. wrist joint b、b. knee joint c、c. elbow joint d、d. hip joint
50、50. so far, which is thought to be main reason responsible for chd? a. mother catch virus infection within the first 3 months during pregnancy b. drugs c. x-ray d. metabolic diseases a、a. mother catch virus infection within the first 3 months during pregnancy b、b. drugs c、c. x-ray d、d. metabolic diseases
chapter v nephrological disorders
5.1 overview of glomerular diseases in children practice
1、which is not primary glomerular disease: a、purpura nephritis b、agn c、rpgn d、nephrotic syndrome e、persistent gn and chronic gn
2、which is not the examination of kidney: a、b-us b、stool routine c、kidney biopsy d、ivp e、blood kidney function
3、which of the following is not the function of the kidney: a、the ve activation b、the endocrine function c、urine formation d、removing waste, reabsorbing nutrients, and maintaining ph balance e、regulating the body's water volume
4、the normal unine routine is: a、rbc<3/hp wbc<5/hp b、rbc<5/hp wbc<3/hp c、rbc<7/hp wbc<5/hp d、rbc<5/hp wbc<7/hp e、rbc<5/hp wbc<10/hp
5、the right normal urinary output of neonate is a、1- 3 ml/kg.h b、2- 3 ml/kg.h c、1- 10 ml/kg.h d、1- 5 ml/kg.h e、1- 20 ml/kg.h
5.2 acute glomerulonephritis practice
1、which is not clinical manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis: a、edema b、hematuria c、hypertension d、proteinuria e、fever
2、which is severe performance of acute glomerulonephritis: a、proteinuria b、circulatory congestion c、hematuria d、fever e、edema
3、which is not the treatment of acute glomerulonephritis : a、the ve medicine b、antibiotics c、diuretic therapy d、antihypertensive therapy e、anti- hypertensive drugs
4、the emergency management of severe cases of acute glomerulonephritis is right: a、severe circulatory congestion: restriction of salt and water, diuretics b、hypertensive encephalopathy: rest c、acute renal failure：unlimited water d、severe circulatory congestion：sodium nitroprusside e、hypertensive encephalopathy: maintaining balance ，dialysis may be needed
5、which is common cause of acute glomerulonephritis a、group a β hemolytic streptococci b、mycoplasma c、parasites d、fungi e、cmv
5.3 nephrotic syndrome practice
1、which is not right of treatment of nephrotic syndrome : a、rest:unless severe edema and infection ,or hypertension ,patients don’t need to in-bed rest. b、diet: suitable for the normal child. salt needs to be restricted only during periods of edema. the protein content of diet need not altered. c、prevention infection d、diuretic therapy e、antibiotics therapy
2、which is not clinical feature of nephrotic syndrome: a、cough b、edema c、declining urine output d、ascites e、diarrhea
3、which is complication of nephrotic syndrome : a、edema b、diarrhea c、imbalance of electrolyte and hypovolemia and shock d、ascites e、declining urine output
4、which is quantitative analysis urine protein value of nephrotic proteinuria: a、>50mg/kg.d b、>60mg/kg.d c、>70mg/kg.d d、>80mg/kg.d e、>10mg/kg.d
5、how long is the medium-long-term therapy of predinisone for nephrotic syndrome: a、6-9months b、6-9weeks c、5-10months d、3-6months e、3-6weeks
5.4 urinary tract infection practice
1、which is not including of urinary tract infection diagnose : a、symptoms: frequently, pain, urgency. b、labs: urinalysis, urine culture c、detect malformation of urinary system d、site of infection: renal, bladder, urithral e、proteinuria test
2、which is the most common infection of urinary tract infection: a、e. coli b、proteus c、klebsiella d、enterobacter e、serratia
3、which is right of children clinical feature of urinary tract infection : a、as sepsis b、apathy c、frequency urination d、grayish color e、anorexia
4、antibiotic choose is not including of chronic urinary tract infection: a、infection duration b、infection site c、pathway of infection d、bacterial culture of urine e、less renal toxicity
5、what is not right of antibacterial prophylaxis of urinary tract infection: a、recurrent uti: relapse or reinfection: 10-30 days of antibiotics and with maintenance therapy b、low-dose, long-term prophylaxis has been traditionally used in patients at a high-risk for developing renal scarring, vur c、patients with repeated attacks of cystitis d、prophylaxis is used for several years e、asymptomatic bacteriuria :if the patient with vur, with 10-14 days of antibiotics, then with maintenance therapy
5.1 overview of glomerular diseases in children homework
1、1. which is not hereditary glomerular disease: ( ) a. purpura nephritis b. congenital nephrotic syndrome c. alport syndrome d. family recurrent hematuria e. thin basement disease
2、2. the right value of oliguria of school age is ( ) a. <400 ml/m2 b. <500 ml/m2 c. <600 ml/m2 d. <300 ml/m2 e. <200 ml/m2
3、3. which is the normal quantitative value of protein in urine: ( ) a. <150mg/24hs b. <250mg/24hs c. <350mg/24hs d. <450mg/24hs e. <550mg/24hs
4、4. the normal unine routine is: ( ) a. rbc<3/hp wbc<5/hp b. rbc<5/hp wbc<3/hp c. rbc<7/hp wbc<5/hp d. brain d. rbc<5/hp wbc<7/hp e. rbc<5/hp wbc<10/hp
5、5. the right value of oliguria of pre-school age is ( ) a. <300 ml/m2 b. <500 ml/m2 c. <600 ml/m2 d. <400 ml/m2 e. <200 ml/m2
5.2 acute glomerulonephritis homework
1、1. which is not cause of acute glomerulonephritis: ( ) a. group a β hemolytic streptococci b. cox viruse c. mycoplasma d. parasites e. bleeding
2、2. which is clinical feature of acute glomerulonephritis: ( ) a. edema b. cough c. abdominal pain d. fever e. diarrhea
3、3. which is not the treatment of acute glomerulonephritis : ( ) a. the ve medicine b. antibiotics c. diuretic therapy d. antihypertensive therapy e. anti- hypertensive drugs
4、4.which is not hypertensive encephalopathy symptom: ( ) a. diarrhea b. headache c. vomiting irritability d. convulsion e. temporary blindness
5、5. which is not right treatment for the patients with.acute renal failure of agn: ( ) a. vitamin c b. maintain balance of water c. electrolytes and acid base d. apply energy e. peritoneal and hemodialysis may be needed
5.3 nephrotic syndrome homework
1、1. which is not the combination of nephrotic syndrome : ( ) a. massive proteinuria b. hypoalbuminaemia c. edema d. hyperlipidaemia e. bleeding
2、2. which is not clinical feature of nephrotic syndrome: ( ) a. cough b. edema c.declining urine output d. ascites e. diarrhea
3、3. which is not complication of nephrotic syndrome : ( ) a. edema b. infection c. imbalance of electrolyte and hypovolemia and shock d. hypercoagulative state and thrombosis e. renal tubular dysfunction
4、4.which is wrong of treatment of nephrotic syndrome: ( ) a.must restrict salt and water. b. suitable for the normal child. salt needs to be restricted only during periods of edema. c. prevention infection d. diuretic therapy e. rest:unless severe edema and infection ,or hypertension ,patients don’t need to in-bed rest.
5、5. which is right for hypoalbuminemia of nephrotic syndrome: ( ) a. serum albumin ≤25g/l b. serum albumin ≤50g/l c. serum albumin ≤45g/l d. serum albumin ≤35g/ml e. serum albumin ≤25g/ml
5.4 urinary tract infection homework
1、1. which is not urinary tract infection : ( ) a. urethritis. b. cystitis c. pyelonephritis d. intrarenal and perinephric abscess e. proteinuria
2、2. which is the most common infection of urinary tract infection: ( ) a. e. coli b. proteus c. klebsiella d. enterobacter e. serratia
3、3. which is not right of newborn clinical feature of urinary tract infection : ( ) a. as sepsis b. apathy c. declining urine output d. grayish color e. anorexia
4、4.which is not clinical feature of chronic urinary tract infection: ( ) a. as sepsis b. persist for more than one year or frequently relapse c. with anemia d. growth retardation e. hypertension or renal failure
5、5. what is laboratory findings of urinary tract infection: ( ) • a. wbc>10/hp, sometimes with hematuria, proteinuria • b. wbc>20/hp, sometimes with hematuria, proteinuria • c. wbc>30/hp, sometimes with hematuria, proteinuria • d. wbc>40/hp, sometimes with hematuria, proteinuria • e. wbc>50/hp, sometimes with hematuria, proteinuria
chapter vi hematological diseases
6.1 hematopiesis and blood chracters in children practice
1、after birth, which organ is the main sites of hematopoiesis ？ a、yolk sac. b、liver c、spleen d、bone marrow
2、1. double five crossing of leukocyte is the percentage of neutrophils and lymphocytes is the same at the time of ( ) after birth. a、4-6 days, 4-6years b、1-2days, 1-2years c、7-8years d、1-28days
3、according to the morphology of erythrocytes, the thalassemia anemia is a、normocytic b、microcytic c、macrocytic d、none of the above is true
4、which anemia is due to defective rbc membrane？ a、thalassemia b、sickle cell anemia c、sperocytosis d、glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
5、which anemia is due to disorders in red cell enzymes？ a、thalassemia b、sickle cell anemia c、sperocytosis d、glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
6.2 anemias in children(nida and nma) practice
1、which of the following is microcytic? a、vitamin b12, folate defificiencies b、diamond-blackfan anemia c、chronic hemolytic anemia d、nutitional iron deficiency anemia
2、during the stage of storage iron depletion, which of the following is true? a、serum ferritin level is within normal limits b、reduced serum ferritin c、hb level is decreased d、decreased serum iron
3、what are the causes of nida? a、decreased iron stores; b、decreased intake; c、increased requirement d、decreased assimilation and reduced absoption. e、all of the above are true
4、which description of nma is correct? a、it is a hereditary anemia b、due to iron deficeincy c、it can accompany with nervous symproms d、it’s a kind of hemolysis anemia
5、which of the laboratory examinations of nma is correct? a、mcv↓, mch↓ b、mcv↓, mch ↑ c、mcv↑, mch ↑ d、mcv and mch are normal.
6.1 hematopiesis and blood chracters in children homework
1、the best time of oral ingestion ferrous is: a. preprandial b. at meal c. between two meals d. before sleep e. any time
2、after 6 months of birth, the infants are easy occurs microcytes and hypochromic anemia, the most important reason is a. iron loss more b. insufficient iron intake c. growth and development are fast d. iron absorbing barrier e. insufficient iron stores
3、the premature are easy occurs microcytes and hypochromic anemia, the most important reason is a. iron loss b. insufficient iron intake c. growth and development are fast d. iron absorbing barrier e. insufficient iron stores
4、nutritional megaloblastic anemia is most commonly seen at a. 2～6 months of age b. 6 months ～2 years old c. 2～3 years old d. 3～4 years old e. 4～5 years old
5、1 year old boy, have nutritional anemia for 2 months, rbc 3.8x1012/l, hb 70g/l, variation rbc in the size, which therapy should be select a. ferrous vitamin c b. folic acid vitamin b12 c. vitamin b12 vitamin c d. folic acid vitamin c e. ferrous vitamin c folic acid or vitamin b12
6.2 anemias in children(nida and nma) homework
1、about nutritional iron deficiency anemia，iron therapy should be persist to a．symptom disappear b．hb recover to normal c．hb and rbc all recover to normal d．1 month after hb recover to normal e．2 months after hb recover to normal
2、the best way of iron therapy is a．oral ingestion with vitamin c，between two meals b．oral ingestion with vitamin c，preprandial c．oral ingestion with vitamin c，after meals d．oral ingestion with milk，preprandial e．oral ingestion with tea，between two meals
3、a 5 months old boy，breast feeding，add auxiliary food，can lift head and turn over，peripheral blood wbc 4.7x109/l， hb 105g/l， mcv86 fl， plt 246x109/l，which is correct? a．mild anemia b．normal c．middle anemia d．microcytic hypochromic anemia e．macrocytic anemia
4、a 7 months old boy，hb 80g/l， rbc 3.5x1012/l， wbc 10x109/l， plt 200x109/l， mcv 78 fl， mch 22 pg， mchc 28%， the most possible diagnosis is a．nutritional iron deficiency anemia b．nutritional megaloblastic anemia c．macrocytic hypochromic anemia d．hereditary spherocytosis e．infection anemia
5、nutritional iron deficiency anemia, after iron therapy， please answer the time of the reticulocyte rising to peak a．within 3 days b．7-10 days c．2 weeks or so d．3 weeks or so e．4 weeks or so
chapter vii neurological diseases
7.1bacterial meningitis practice
1、a 17 year old boy was brought to the emergency department by his dorm mate with a petechial rash, headache, nuchal rigidity and vomiting. which of the following describes the most likely causal agent? a、gram negative coccus, capsule, ferments maltose b、gram negative coccus, ferments glucose only c、gram positive coccobacillus, capsular serotype b d、gram positive coccus, alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive e、gram positive rods, growth at 4°c (39.2°f)
2、a 1 month old baby presents with a high fever, seizures, irritability and bulging fontanelles. during parturition there was some contamination of the mother's fecal flora. a diagnosis of meningitis is made. csf gram staining shows the presence of a gram negative bacilli and ceftriaxone was prescribed. what's the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis in this case? a、capsule, k1 serotype b、type b polyribitol phosphate capsule c、beta hemolysin and camp factor d、peptidoglycan and teichoic acids e、polysaccharide b strain capsule
3、which of the following could be a sign seen during physical examination in an infant with meningitis? a、a negative kernig's sign b、exorbitism c、ptosis d、kernicterus e、opisthotonos
4、purulent meningitis is more often seen in: a、neonate- 3 months old infant b、1-3 year old c、4-7 year old d、7-11 year old e、> 12 years old
1、a 15 year old girl is on high dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressives because of a renal transplant rejection. she presents with a 10 day history of fever, headache and confusion. lumbar puncture reveals 25 lymphocytes per microlitre and a very high csf protein. india ink stain is also positive. what's the most likely diagnosis? a、pneumococcal meningitis b、cryptococcal meningitis c、coxsackie meningitis d、herpes simplex encephalitis e、listeria meningitis
2、a 17 year old previously healthy boy develops cough with purulent sputim over several days. on presentation to the emergency room, he is lethargic. temperature is 39°c, pulse 110 and blood pressure 100/70. he has rales and dullness to percussion at the left base. there is no rash. flexion of the patient's neck when supine results in spontaneous flexion of hip and knee. neurologic examination is otherwise normal. there is no papilledema. a lumbar puncture is performed in the emergency room. the csf shows: 8000 leukocytes/microlitre, 90% of which are polys; glucose 30 mg/dl (peripheral glucose is 80 mg/dl); csf protein is 200 mg/dl. csf gram stain is pending. which of the following is the correct treatment option? a、begin acyclovir for herpes simplex encephalitis b、obtain emergency mri scan before beginning treatment c、begin ceftriaxone and vancomycin for pneumococcal meningitis d、begin ceftriaxone, vancomycin and ampicillin to cover both pneumococci and listeria e、begin high dose penicillin for meningococcal meningitis
3、a 9 year old girl presents to the emergency room with seizures and psychosis. her mother informs that she has had high fever, vomiting, headaches, generalized weakness and altered level of consciousness for two days. she further informs that the family returned from india just last week. csf analysis shows an elevated opening pressure, mild to moderate pleocytosis with predominant lymphocytes, high protein and normal glucose. what's the suspected mode of transmission of the suspected disease? a、bite of an aedes mosquito b、consumption of undercooked pork c、bite of an anopheles mosquito d、bite of a culex mosquito e、a tick bite
4、what is the most useful for diagnosing purulent meningitis? a、headache, vomit, convulsion b、wbc count increased in csf c、csf protein is increased, glucose is low, chloride is normal d、csf smear findings: gram positive bacteria e、meningeal irritation present
5、an 8 months old child had purulent meningitis which was resolved with antibiotic. he recovers and csf becomes normal. 10 days later, he develops fever, lethargy, vomit and convulsion along with anterior fontanelle bulging. csf re-examination is normal. next best step is: a、change antibiotic to the one that crosses the blood brain barrier b、subdural puncture c、add glucocorticoid d、large dose mannitol e、control convulsions, abatement of fever
7.3 viral encephalitis practice
1、a 10 year old boy is brought to the emergency room with a high fever, chills, headache and nausea. he vomits on admission where his temperature is 40.1°c (104.2°f) and then begins to hallucinate. a ct scan reveals encephalitis in one temporal lobe. what's the most likely diagnosis? a、california encephalitis b、hsv 1 c、polio virus d、st. louis encephalitis e、west nile virus
2、which of the following csf findings suggest a viral infection? a、high pressure, opaque appearance, pmns, low glucose, high protein b、high pressure, clear appearance, pmns (early), lymphocytes (late), low glucose, high protein c、normal pressure, clear appearance, pmns (early), lymphocytes (late), normal glucose, normal protein d、normal pressure, clear appearance, lymphocytes, low glucose, low protein e、low pressure, clear appearance, lymphocytes, high glucose, high protein
3、a 7 year old boy suffers from headache, confusion and high fever. he also has perivascular cuffing along with nuchal rigidity. a lumbar puncture is immediately done and the diagnosis is confirmed to be a linear dsdna, enveloped virus. which other pathological finding would be evident in this case? a、painless genital vesicles b、latent virus in the facial nerve ganglion c、focal occipital lesions on a mri d、owl eye inclusion bodies in the urine e、large number of rbcs in csf
4、the most common etiology of viral encephalitis is: a、arbovirus b、hsv c、mumps d、adenovirus e、enterovirus
5、diagnosis of viral meningitis can be confirmed by? a、symptoms b、pcr of csf c、csf culture d、crp levels e、none of the above
1、q1) which of the following is not the pathology of bacterial meningitis? a) hyperemia of meninges b) polymorphonuclear cells infiltrate into parenchyma and perivascular tissue of the brain c) cerebral cortical necrosis and vascular occlusion occur d) ventriculitis and inflammatory cells in csf are present e) none of the above
2、q2) which of the following is not a non-specific finding in bacterial meningitis? a) stiff neck b) arthralgia c) poor feeding d) purpuric rash e) fever
3、q3) which sign is positive when the thigh is flexed at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee is painful, leading to resistance? a) brudzinski sign b) romberg sign c) murphy sign d) kernig sign e) none of the above
4、q4) the most common causative organism of subdural effusion complication in meningitis apart from pneumococcus is: a) hemophilus influenzae type b b) hemophilus influenzae type a c) hemophilus influenzae type f d) listeria monocytogenes e) e. coli
5、q5) a 9 year old girl presents to the emergency room with seizures and psychosis. her mother informs that she has had high fever, vomiting, headaches, generalized weakness and altered level of consciousness for two days. she further informs that the family returned from india just last week. csf analysis shows an elevated opening pressure, mild to moderate pleocytosis with predominant lymphocytes, high protein and normal glucose. what's the suspected mode of transmission of the suspected disease? a) bite of an aedes mosquito b) consumption of undercooked pork c) bite of an anopheles mosquito d) bite of a culex mosquito e) a tick bite
7.2 bacterial meningitis：investagations，diagnosis，complications and sequelae, prognosis, treatment homework
1、q1) which of the following is not the pathology of bacterial meningitis? a) hyperemia of meninges b) polymorphonuclear cells infiltrate into parenchyma and perivascular tissue of the brain c) cerebral cortical necrosis and vascular occlusion occur d) ventriculitis and inflammatory cells in csf are present e) none of the above
2、q2) which of the following is not a non-specific finding in bacterial meningitis? a) stiff neck b) arthralgia c) poor feeding d) purpuric rash e) fever
3、q3) which sign is positive when the thigh is flexed at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee is painful, leading to resistance? a) brudzinski sign b) romberg sign c) murphy sign d) kernig sign e) none of the above
4、q4) the most common causative organism of subdural effusion complication in meningitis apart from pneumococcus is: a) hemophilus influenzae type b b) hemophilus influenzae type a c) hemophilus influenzae type f d) listeria monocytogenes e) e. coli
5、q5) a 9 year old girl presents to the emergency room with seizures and psychosis. her mother informs that she has had high fever, vomiting, headaches, generalized weakness and altered level of consciousness for two days. she further informs that the family returned from india just last week. csf analysis shows an elevated opening pressure, mild to moderate pleocytosis with predominant lymphocytes, high protein and normal glucose. what's the suspected mode of transmission of the suspected disease? a) bite of an aedes mosquito b) consumption of undercooked pork c) bite of an anopheles mosquito d) bite of a culex mosquito e) a tick bite
7.3 viral encephalitis homework
1、q1) a 10 year old boy is brought to the emergency room with a high fever, chills, headache and nausea. he vomits on admission where his temperature is 40.1°c (104.2°f) and then begins to hallucinate. a ct scan reveals encephalitis in one temporal lobe. what's the most likely diagnosis? a) california encephalitis b) hsv 1 c) polio virus d) st. louis encephalitis e) west nile virus
2、q2) which of the following csf findings suggest a viral infection? a) high pressure, opaque appearance, pmns, low glucose, high protein b) high pressure, clear appearance, pmns (early), lymphocytes (late), low glucose, high protein c) normal pressure, clear appearance, pmns (early), lymphocytes (late), normal glucose, normal protein d) normal pressure, clear appearance, lymphocytes, low glucose, low protein e) low pressure, clear appearance, lymphocytes, high glucose, high protein
3、q3) a 7 year old boy suffers from headache, confusion and high fever. he also has perivascular cuffing along with nuchal rigidity. a lumbar puncture is immediately done and the diagnosis is confirmed to be a linear dsdna, enveloped virus. which other pathological finding would be evident in this case? a) painless genital vesicles b) latent virus in the facial nerve ganglion c) focal occipital lesions on a mri d) owl eye inclusion bodies in the urine e) large number of rbcs in csf
4、q4) the most common etiology of viral encephalitis is: a) arbovirus b) hsv c) mumps d) adenovirus e) enterovirus
5、q5) diagnosis of viral meningitis can be confirmed by? a) symptoms b) pcr of csf c) csf culture d) crp levels e) none of the above
6、q6) cmv encephalitis in a child aged 14 can be treated by: a) acyclovir b) foscarnet c) zidovudine d) ritonavir e) ganciclovir
7、q7) which virus enters the cns via the bloodstream? a) hsv i b) hsv ii c) rabies virus d) mumps virus e) all of the above
8、q8) which of the following csf finding is true in the case of viral encephalitis? a) the fluid is turbid b) the cell count is usually normal or slightly higher, but mostly under 300 x 10^6/l c) glucose levels are normal, chloride levels are high d) protein concentration is abnormally high e) if lumbar puncture is done after 48 hours, then lymphocytes make up almost 50% of the cells
9、q9) when is it better to prescribe/conduct neuro imaging post diagnosis of viral encephalitis? a) immediately following diagnosis b) immediately following lumbar puncture c) post the treatment of the disease d) a month later e) 1-2 weeks after the disease onset
10、q10) diagnosis of viral encephalitis can be made by: a) csf findings b) clinical presentation c) epidemiologic data d) eeg e) all of the above
chapter viii endocrine disorders
8.1 definition and physiology practice
1、which of the following is not the physiological role of thyroid hormone a、increase oxygen consumption and heat production b、accelerate growth and development c、promote central nervous system development d、slow down bowel movements e、influence metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins
2、after thyroid hormone has been released from the thyroid, part of the t4 will be transferred into t3 by the process of ( ) in the periphery tissues. a、deiodination b、iodine trapping c、iodine oxidization d、tyrosine iodination e、iodotyrosine condensation
3、which of the following description is wrong（） a、trh is secreted by hypothalamus b、tsh can stimulate the synthesis and releasing of thyroid hormone c、insufficient thyroid hormone can stimulate the secretion of tsh d、tsh is secreted by the posterior lobe of pituitary e、levels of thyroid hormone have negative feedback regulation on tsh and trh
4、the anterior pituitary can secrete several specific hormones, except () a、tsh b、vasopressin c、acth d、prl e、gh
5、deficiency of acth may result in() a、diabetes mellitus b、micropenis c、hypothyroidism d、hypoglycemia e、diabetes insipidus
8.2 classification, etiology and clinical findings practice
1、which of the following is not an etiological factor of transient congenital hypothyroidism is a、chronic iodine deficiency b、acute iodine excess c、dyshormonogenesis d、maternal blocking antibodies e、maternal medications
2、secondary congenital hypothyroidism is resulted from a defect in ( ) a、pituitary or hypothalamus b、thyroid c、parathyroid d、periphery tissues e、t3 receptors
3、which one is not the reason of permanent congenital hypothyroidism ( ) a、hypoplasia of thyroid gland b、maternal antithyroid drugs c、ectopic thyroid gland d、thyroid agenesis e、mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in thyroid hormone synthesis
4、4. which of the following is not a typical feature of congenital hypothyroidism a、myxedematous faces b、prolonged physiological jaundice c、mental retardation d、constipation e、hyperarousal, unrestful sleep
5、a post-term female neonate, birth weight 4kg, jaundice not completely fade away after two months, low and dumb crying, cool hand and feet, umbilical hernia, constipation. what disease is possible() a、congenital hypothyroidism b、neonatal hepatitis syndrome c、habitual constipation d、congenital megacolon e、hypoglycemia
8.3 assistant examination, diagnosis and treatment practice
1、which one is detected in the neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism? () a、iodine in plasma b、t3, t4 c、tsh d、t3, t4, tsh e、t4, tsh
2、which of the following descriptions about congenital hypothyroidism is wrong? a、a serum tg concentration below the detection threshold is highly suggestive of athyreosis or a complete tg synthesis defect b、if tsh>20mu/l, primary hypothyroidism is suspicious c、cholesterol level is usually decreased d、anemia is common e、trh stimulation test is used to differentiate hypothalamic or pituitary hypothyroidism
3、a 3-year old girl presented with growth retardation. pe: height 1875px, witless expression, thick protruding tongue, dry brittle hair, bulging abdomen, umbilical hernia. which item is the most helpful test to make the diagnosis? a、karyotypes b、gh level c、iq evaluation d、thyroid function e、vitamin d
4、the course of hormone replacement therapy for permanent congenital hypothyroidism is:( ) a、3 months b、6 months c、1 year d、to adolescence e、lifetime
5、when a 8-month patient with congenital hypothyroidism takes x-ray for measuring bone age, the best position is:( ) a、wrist joint b、knee joint c、elbow joint d、hip joint e、ankle joint
8.1 definition and physiology homework
1、1. the actions of thyroid hormone include( ) a. increase oxygen consumption and heat production b. accelerate growth and development c. promote central nervous system development d. influence metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins e. all of the above
2、2. which one is the active form that combines with the t3 nuclear membrane receptors ( ) a. free t4 b. rt3 c. t3 binding with proteins d. free t3 e. t4 binding with proteins
3、3. which of the following description is wrong（） a. trh is secreted by hypothalamus b. tsh can stimulate the synthesis and releasing of thyroid hormone c. excessive thyroid hormone can stimulate the secretion of tsh d. tsh is secreted by pituitary e. levels of thyroid hormone have negative feedback regulation on tsh and trh
4、4. the anterior pituitary can secret several specific hormones, including( ) a. tsh b. gh c. acth d. gonadotropin e. all of the above
5、5. deficiency of vasopressin can cause( ) a. diabetes mellitus b. micropenis c. hypothyroidism d. hypoglycemia e. diabetes insipidus
8.2 classification, etiology and clinical findings homework
1、1.the main etiological factor of endemic congenital hypothyroidism is( ) a. deficiency of iodine in mother's prenatal diet b. agenesis of thyroid gland c. dyshormonogenesis d. maternal blocking antibodies e. insufficient secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone from pituitary
2、2. primary congenital hypothyroidism is resulted from a defect in ( ) a. pituitary b. thyroid c. hypothalamus d. periphery tissues e. t3 receptors
3、3. the most common cause of primary congenital hypothyroidism is( ) a. thyroid dyshormonogenesis b. maternal antithyroid drugs c. chronic iodine deficiency d. thyroid dysgenesis e. genetic defects
4、4. in the neonatal period, a case of congenital hypothyroidism may have the following symptoms and signs, except( ) a. umbilical hernia b. prolonged physiological jaundice c. a small anterior or posterior fontanel d. constipation e. hypothermia
5、5. typical features of congenital hypothyroidism may include( ) a. myxedematous faces b. short stature with infantile skeletal proportions c. mental retardation d. constipation e. all of the above
8.3 assistant examination, diagnosis and treatment homework
1、1. which of the following descriptions about congenital hypothyroidism is wrong?( ) a. bone age is usually delayed b. ultrasonography may reveal severe primary ch in cases of absence/severe hypoplasia of the thyroid gland c. scintigraphy can help to detect ectopic thyroid gland d. ecg may show high voltage p and t waves with increased amplitude of qrs complexes e. congenital heart disease may be present
2、2. if neonatal screening is suspected of congenital hypothyroidism, which items need further testing? ( ) a. iodine in plasma b. t3, t4 c. tsh d. t3, t4, tsh e. t4, tsh
3、3. when to conduct neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism? ( ) a. with 2-3 days after birth b. 1 week after birth c. immediately after birth d. 2 weeks after birth e. 1 month after birth
4、4. when is neonatal hypothyroidism suspicious using dry blood drop slip to detect tsh?（） a.tsh >10mu/l b.tsh >15mu/l c.tsh >20mu/l d.tsh >25mu/l e.tsh >30mu/l
5、5. when a 2-month patient with congenital hypothyroidism takes x-ray for measuring bone age, the best position is:( ) a. wrist joint b. knee joint c. elbow joint d. hip joint e. ankle joint
chapter ix pediatric critical care
9.1 pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice
1、which is the most common cause to induce cardiac arrest in infants? a、respiratory b、cardiovascular c、central nervous system d、traumatic injury
2、when cardiac arrest happened, how long the patient will have dilated and fixed pupils ( ) a、5s b、10s c、20s d、40s
3、which of the procedure is correct in children’s cpr? ( ) a、a-b-c b、b-a-c c、c-a-b d、a-c-b
4、which is the first thing to do when initiate cpr? ( ) a、shout for nearby help b、activate emergency response system c、compression d、verify scene safety
5、what is the compression-ventilation ratio for two rescuers? ( ) a、30:2 b、15:2 c、30:1 d、15:1
9.2 pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice
1、what is the dose of iv epinephrine in cpr? a、0.1 mg/kg of 1:10000 b、0.1 mg/kg of 1:1000 c、0.01 mg/kg of 1:10000 d、0.01 mg/kg of 1:1000
2、when cardiac arrest happened, how long there will be irreversibel injury of brian? a、15s b、30s c、60s d、4min
3、what is the compression-ventilation ratio for single rescuer? a、30:2 b、15:2 c、30:1 d、15:1
4、what is the ecg diagnosis? a、supraventricular tachycardia b、ventricular tachycardia c、ventricular fibrillation d、asystole
5、what is the maximum depth of chest compressions in infants during cpr? a、3cm b、4cm c、5cm d、6cm
9.3 acute pediatric poisoning practice
1、the most common route of toxic substance exposures is via a、inhalation b、dermal contact c、bites and stings d、ingestion e、ocular contact
2、which of the following toxic substance can make skin secretion normal ? a、cholinergic b、sedative-hyponotic c、anticholinergic d、sympathomimatic
3、which is not suitable for a coma child with alcohols poisoning? a、induced emesis b、blood purification c、naloxone d、fluid diuresis
4、which of the following sign may not indicate toxic substance poisoning? a、emesis, b、abdominal pain c、fever d、convulsion
5、which of the followning managment is not principle for toxic substance poisoning? a、prevent absorption b、enhance elimination c、antidote d、antibiotics
1、1. which of the follwing disease is the most common cause to induce cardiac arrest in infants? ( ) a. myocarditis b. meningitis c. congenital heart disease d. sever pneumonia
2、1. when cardiac arrest happened, how long there will be irreversibel injury of brian? ( ) a. 15s b. 30s c. 60s d. 4min
3、1. which of the procedure is correct in children’s cpr? ( ) a. a-b-c b. b-a-c c. c-a-b d. a-c-b
4、1. which of the following is not the sign of cardiac arrest? ( ) a. no movement b. no pulse c. gasping d. tachycardia
5、1. what is the ecg diagnosis? ( ) a. supraventricular tachycardia b. ventricular tachycardia c. ventricular fibrillation d. asystole
1、1. how many cycles of cpr are recommended in 2 min duration? ( ) a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
2、1. what is the maximum depth of chest compressions in adolescents during cpr? ( ) a. 3 cm b. 4 cm c. 5 cm d. 6 cm
3、1. which of the following arhythmia is referred to as “shockable rhythm”? ( ) a. asystole b. pulseless vt c. pulseless electrical activity d. bradyarhythmia
4、1. what is the ecg diagnosis? ( ) a. supraventricular tachycardia b. ventricular tachycardia c. ventricular fibrillation d. asystole
5、1. what is the first energy dose of defibrillation? ( ) a. 1 j/kg b. 2 j/kg c. 3 j/kg d. 4 j/kg
9.3 acute pediatric poisoning homework
1、1. the most common route of toxic substance exposures is via: ( ) a. inhalation b. dermal contact c. bites and stings d. ingestion e. ocular contact
2、2. which of the following situation is not suitable for induced emesis? ( ) a. elder children b. consciousness c. toxing substance exposuer time less 4 hours d. caustics
3、3. which of the following toxic substance can make skin corpiously wet? ( ) a. cholinergic b. opioids c. sedative-hyponotic d. anticholinergic
4、4. which of the followning antidote is wrong？( ) a. organophosphate : atropine b. nitrite: methelene blue c. alcoholic: naloxone d. acetamide: fluoroacetamide:
5、5. which is not suitable for alcohols poisoning? ( ) a. orogastric lavage b. activated charcoal c. naloxone fluid diuresis
6、6. the most common route of toxic substance exposures is via: ( ) a. inhalation b. dermal contact c. bites and stings d. ingestion e. ocular contact
7、7. which of the following toxic substance can make skin secretion normal ? ( ) a. cholinergic b. sedative-hyponotic c. anticholinergic d. sympathomimatic
8、8. which is not suitable for a coma child with alcohols poisoning? ( ) a. induced emesis b. blood purification c. naloxone d. fluid diuresis
9、9. which of the following sign may not indicate toxic substance poisoning? ( ) a. emesis, b. abdominal pain c. fever d. convulsion
10、10. which of the followning managment is not principle for toxic substance poisoning? ( ) a. prevent absorption b. enhance elimination c. antidote d. antibiotics
final examination
final examination v1.0
1、1. acute infant diarrhea with moderate dehydration ，when it is hard to judge the kind of the dehydration,which one should be selected for the supply of preexisting losses ? a.1/2 tonic solution b.1/3 tonic solution c.2/3 tonic solution d.physio-maintenance fluid a、a.1/2 tonic solution b、b.1/3 tonic solution c、c.2/3 tonic solution d、d.physio-maintenance fluid
2、2. which one is the most important diagnosis evidence for severe dehydration: a.in extremely low spirits b. poor skin elasticity c. eye sockets deep sunken and anterior fontanel deep depression d.coldness in the extremities, texture skin, thin pulse and other manifestation of circulatory collapse a、a.in extremely low spirits b、b. poor skin elasticity c、c. eye sockets deep sunken and anterior fontanel deep depression d、d.coldness in the extremities, texture skin, thin pulse and other manifestation of circulatory collapse
3、3. which is belong to left to right shunt congenital heart disease? a. the aorta arch is small b. the aorta arch is prominent c. decreased pulmonary vascular markings d. cerebral embolism a、a. the aorta arch is small b、b. the aorta arch is prominent c、c. decreased pulmonary vascular markings d、d. cerebral embolism
4、4. which is the feature of heart murmur of pda? a. a grade ii-iii ejection –type systolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border in the second intercostals space b. a grade iii-iv medium- to high pitched, harsh pansystolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border in the third and fourth intercostals spaces. c. the murmur is a very rough “machinery” murmur that is maximal at the second intercostals space at the left sternal border d. a grade ii-iii, rough , ejection –type systolic murmur that is maximal at the left sternal border in the second to the fourth intercostals spaces. a、a. a grade ii-iii ejection –type systolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border in the second intercostals space b、b. a grade iii-iv medium- to high pitched, harsh pansystolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border in the third and fourth intercostals spaces. c、c. the murmur is a very rough “machinery” murmur that is maximal at the second intercostals space at the left sternal border d、d. a grade ii-iii, rough , ejection –type systolic murmur that is maximal at the left sternal border in the second to the fourth intercostals spaces.
5、5. the most important laboratory factor for diagnosing nephrotic syndrome is a. nephrotic-range proteinuria b. hypoproteinemia c. hypercholesterolemia d. edema a、a. nephrotic-range proteinuria b、b. hypoproteinemia c、c. hypercholesterolemia d、d. edema
6、6. which one is correct for diagnosing nephrotic-range proteinuria a. quantitative analysis protein in the urine >10mg/kg.d b. quantitative analysis protein in the urine >20mg/kg.d c. quantitative analysis protein in the urine >30mg/kg.d d. quantitative analysis protein in the urine >50mg/kg.d a、a. quantitative analysis protein in the urine >10mg/kg.d b、b. quantitative analysis protein in the urine >20mg/kg.d c、c. quantitative analysis protein in the urine >30mg/kg.d d、d. quantitative analysis protein in the urine >50mg/kg.d
7、7. what complement is mainly deposited on renal glomerulus basement membrane in apsgn？ a.c1 b.c2 c.c3 d.c4 a、a.c1 b、b.c2 c、c.c3 d、d.c4
8、8. which one is not correct in patient with acute renal failure? a.oliguria even anuria b.azotemia c.hyperkalemia d.hypoglycemia a、a.oliguria even anuria b、b.azotemia c、c.hyperkalemia d、d.hypoglycemia
9、9. what is the prevalent season of rotavirus diarrhea? a.summer b.spring c.autumn d.winter a、a.summer b、b.spring c、c.autumn d、d.winter
10、10. about the course of viral meningitis， which one is correct？ a.1 week b.1-2 weeks c.2 weeks d.2-3 weeks a、a.1 week b、b.1-2 weeks c、c.2 weeks d、d.2-3 weeks
11、11. iron deficiency anemia should be: a. serium iron ↑ b. serium iron ↓ total iron-binding capacity↓ c. serium iron ↓ total iron-binding capacity↑ d. serium iron ↑ total iron-binding capacity↓ a、a. serium iron ↑ b、b. serium iron ↓ total iron-binding capacity↓ c、c. serium iron ↓ total iron-binding capacity↑ d、d. serium iron ↑ total iron-binding capacity↓
12、12. what is the main difference between severe infantile diarrhea and mild infantile diarrhea? a. frequent stool reach more than 10 b. nausea,vomiting,poor appetite c. temperature exceed 39℃ d. obvious water and electrolyte disturbances. a、a. frequent stool reach more than 10 b、b. nausea,vomiting,poor appetite c、c. temperature exceed 39℃ d、d. obvious water and electrolyte disturbances.
13、13. which one is not consistent with the diagnosis of hypothyroidism neonate？ a.physiologic jaundice prolong b.little appetite，difficult feeding c.hyperarousal，unrestful sleep d.low and dumb crying a、a.physiologic jaundice prolong b、b.little appetite，difficult feeding c、c.hyperarousal，unrestful sleep d、d.low and dumb crying
14、14. the direct serum bilirubin in neonatal pathological jaundice is greater than a. 26µmol/l b. 34µmol/l c. 85µmol/l d. 205µmol/l a、a. 26µmol/l b、b. 34µmol/l c、c. 85µmol/l d、d. 205µmol/l
15、15. which of the following is common seen in nephrotic syndrome with infection? a. peritonitis b. urinary tract infection c. skin erysipelas d.respiratory tract infection a、a. peritonitis b、b. urinary tract infection c、c. skin erysipelas d、d.respiratory tract infection
16、16. a 6 months old boy, cough and gasp for 2 days, temperature is 37.5℃，distinct gasp and expiratory dspneay, expiratory wheezes in both lungs, the most possible cause is： a. adenovirus b. mycoplasma pneumoniae c. respiratory syncytial virus d. staphylococcal aureus a、a. adenovirus b、b. mycoplasma pneumoniae c、c. respiratory syncytial virus d、d. staphylococcal aureus
17、17. the course of hormone replacement therapy for congenital hypothyroidism is: a.3 months b.6 months c.1 year d. lifetime a、a.3 months b、b.6 months c、c.1 year d、d. lifetime
18、18. the severity of cyanosis of tetraolgy of fallot depends on: a. the degree of pulmonary stenosis b. the sign of vsd c. the degree of dextroposition of the aorta d. the sign of asd a、a. the degree of pulmonary stenosis b、b. the sign of vsd c、c. the degree of dextroposition of the aorta d、d. the sign of asd
19、19. the congenital heart disease of no shunt is: a. pulmonary stenosis b. ventricular septal defect c. atrium septal defect d. patent ductous arterious a、a. pulmonary stenosis b、b. ventricular septal defect c、c. atrium septal defect d、d. patent ductous arterious
20、20. in which one cyanosis usually does not present? a. ventricular septal defect b. atrium septal defect c. patent ductus arteriosus d. pulmonary stenosis a、a. ventricular septal defect b、b. atrium septal defect c、c. patent ductus arteriosus d、d. pulmonary stenosis
21、21. a five-year-old infant，bw 7kg，eczema，diarrhea not long after birth，6-7 times/day,have no other symptom and have good appetide ,stool routine negative,inefficiency after treatment,what is the most possible： a.infantile diarrhea（mild） b.prolonged diarrhea c.physiologic diarrhea d.viral enteritis a、a.infantile diarrhea（mild） b、b.prolonged diarrhea c、c.physiologic diarrhea d、d.viral enteritis
22、22. which is not the classification by the course of diarrhea: a.acute diarrhea b.chronic diarrhea. c.mixed diarrhea d.prolonged diarrhea a、a.acute diarrhea b、b.chronic diarrhea. c、c.mixed diarrhea d、d.prolonged diarrhea
23、23. what is the most significant for diagnosis of neonatal septicemia？ a.high fever b.blood leucocyte increase c.blood platelet decrease d. blood cultivation positive a、a.high fever b、b.blood leucocyte increase c、c.blood platelet decrease d、d. blood cultivation positive
24、24. 6 ～14 years old children, the low limit of anemia is a. hb＜145g/l b. hb＜120g/l c. hb＜110g/l d. hb＜100g/l a、a. hb＜145g/l b、b. hb＜120g/l c、c. hb＜110g/l d、d. hb＜100g/l
25、25. when a 2-month patient with congenital hypothyroidism takes x-ray for measuring bone age, the best position is: a. wrist joint b. knee joint c. elbow joint d. hip joint a、a. wrist joint b、b. knee joint c、c. elbow joint d、d. hip joint
26、26. so far, which is thought to be main reason responsible for chd? a. mother catch virus infection within the first 3 months during pregnancy b. drugs c. x-ray d. metabolic diseases a、a. mother catch virus infection within the first 3 months during pregnancy b、b. drugs c、c. x-ray d、d. metabolic diseases
27、27. which one is accord with the csf change of viral encephalitis？ a. wbc 200x106/l， protein is normal，glucose is reduced b. wbc 200x106/l， protein is mild increased， glucose is normal c. wbc 1200x106/l， protein is increased， glucose is reduced d. wbc 200x106/l， protein is increased， glucose is increased a、a. wbc 200x106/l， protein is normal，glucose is reduced b、b. wbc 200x106/l， protein is mild increased， glucose is normal c、c. wbc 1200x106/l， protein is increased， glucose is reduced d、d. wbc 200x106/l， protein is increased， glucose is increased
28、28. a 1 years old boy， fever for 2 days， then frequently vomit、convulsion， examination：lassitude，bulging of anterior fontanel， neck rigidity， brudzinski sign is positive， csf appearance is turbid， protein is increased， wbc 1×109/l， neutrophil 80%， glucose 2.0mmol/l, chloride 98mmol/l，the most possible diagnosis is： a. tubercular meningitis b. epidemic encephalitis b c. viral meningitis d. purulent meningitis a、a. tubercular meningitis b、b. epidemic encephalitis b c、c. viral meningitis d、d. purulent meningitis
29、29. which one is not the feature of neonate purulent meningitis? a. symptom is not typical, similarity as sepsis b. bulging of anterior fontanel, cranial sutures enlarge c. temperature is normal、increased or reduced d.meningitis irritation sign is positive in early stage a、a. symptom is not typical, similarity as sepsis b、b. bulging of anterior fontanel, cranial sutures enlarge c、c. temperature is normal、increased or reduced d、d.meningitis irritation sign is positive in early stage
30、30. which one is the important and convenience way to find meningitis diplococcus？ a. from skin ecchymosis、petechia find bacterium b. blood culture c. csf examination d. peripheral blood a、a. from skin ecchymosis、petechia find bacterium b、b. blood culture c、c. csf examination d、d. peripheral blood
31、31. which disease would happen differential cyanosis? a. vsd b. asd c. ps d. pda a、a. vsd b、b. asd c、c. ps d、d. pda
32、32. the period of embryo heart development is a. 4-8 weeks of embryo b. 2-4 weeks of embryo c. 2-12 weeks of embryo d. 2-8 weeks of embryo a、a. 4-8 weeks of embryo b、b. 2-4 weeks of embryo c、c. 2-12 weeks of embryo d、d. 2-8 weeks of embryo
33、33. a 8-day neonate，onset jaundice 3 days after birth，now still to remain obvious，t 36.5℃,suck the breast normally，blood leucocyte 12×109/l,tbil 201.78umol/l，the most possible diagnosis： a. hepatitis b. septicemia c. biliary tract deformation d. physiologic jaundice a、a. hepatitis b、b. septicemia c、c. biliary tract deformation d、d. physiologic jaundice
34、34. the murmur of asd is from a. the defect of atrial septum b. the size of defect c. the speed of blood flow d. comparative stenosis of pulmonary valve a、a. the defect of atrial septum b、b. the size of defect c、c. the speed of blood flow d、d. comparative stenosis of pulmonary valve
35、35. to prevent nutritional iron deficiency anemia，which is the main way? a.pure human’s milk feeding b.the milk should be heat treatment when the cow’s milk feeding to reduce blood lose due to allergic c.add auxiliary food in time which contain enrich iron and high absorb rate d.ferralium to prevent a、a.pure human’s milk feeding b、b.the milk should be heat treatment when the cow’s milk feeding to reduce blood lose due to allergic c、c.add auxiliary food in time which contain enrich iron and high absorb rate d、d.ferralium to prevent
36、36.a three-year-old child，edema for 3 months,urine protein（ ）,erythrocyte 0—3个／hpf，plasm total protein 40g／l，albumin 20g／lm,cholesterol 8.2mmol／l，blood uria nitrogen 8.0 mmol／l,the most possible diagnosis is: a.acute glomerulonephritis b.good lasting proteinuria c.simple ns d.nephritis ns a、a.acute glomerulonephritis b、b.good lasting proteinuria c、c.simple ns d、d.nephritis ns
37、37. the earliest sign of neonatal hypothyroidism is: a. constipation b. anemia c. prolonged jaundice d. bradycardia a、a. constipation b、b. anemia c、c. prolonged jaundice d、d. bradycardia
38、38. s2 at the pulmonary area is widely split and often fixed, which disease is it belong to ? a.asd b.vsd c.pda d.tof a、a.asd b、b.vsd c、c.pda d、d.tof
39、39. what is not the principle of antibiotic using for neonatal septicemia? a.early medication b.vein administration c.full course of treatment d.avoid united administration a、a.early medication b、b.vein administration c、c.full course of treatment d、d.avoid united administration
40、40. which one decides the clinical symptom of pda? a. the pressure difference between two atrias b. the pressure of pulmonary c. the size of duct d. the type of pda a、a. the pressure difference between two atrias b、b. the pressure of pulmonary c、c. the size of duct d、d. the type of pda
41、41. a 16 months old boy， fever、vomit、 cough for 7 days， lethargy、convulsion recently 2 two days， csf approved streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis， the course of antibiotic is: a.till csf become normal b.till 5-10 days after csf become normal c.till 5-10 days after temperature become normal d.till temperature become normal、without symptom a、a.till csf become normal b、b.till 5-10 days after csf become normal c、c.till 5-10 days after temperature become normal d、d.till temperature become normal、without symptom
42、42. ten-year-old child,intelligence lower than child of the same age,especially mathematics not qualified,not having unusual outward appearance,thyroidⅰ-ⅱdegree,blood vessel sound（-）,heart rate 60/minute,cardiac sound a little low and dull,laboratory:t3↓t4↓tsh↑,thyrotropin receptor antibody（-）.thyroid microsomal antibody（-）.what disease is possible? a.sporadic congenital hypothyroidis（thyroid nondevelopment） b.endemic congenital hypothyroidi c. congenital goiter hypothyroidism（enzyme deficiency） d.hashimoto thyroiditis a、a.sporadic congenital hypothyroidis（thyroid nondevelopment） b、b.endemic congenital hypothyroidi c、c. congenital goiter hypothyroidism（enzyme deficiency） d、d.hashimoto thyroiditis
43、43. the most common screening test for cretinism in newborn baby is: a.t3 b.trh c.tsh d.t4 a、a.t3 b、b.trh c、c.tsh d、d.t4
44、44 . how long should the ferrosi sulfas be used continually after the rbc and hb are normal in nutritional iron deficiency anemia? a.1 months b.2 months c.3 months d.4 months a、a.1 months b、b.2 months c、c.3 months d、d.4 months
45、45. which is the best way to treatment for asthma ? a. inhalation b. intravenousdrip c. oral application d. intramuscular injection a、a. inhalation b、b. intravenousdrip c、c. oral application d、d. intramuscular injection
46、46. a boy, the first day of birth，body weight is 3kg，general situation is well，skin and mucous membrane are normal，examination：heart and lung are normal，spleen couldn’t be touched under rid, liver under rid 50px，hb190--200g/l，rbc 6×1012/l，reticulocyte 0.4%, wbc 20×109/l，ne 0.65, l 0.35, a few nucleated red cells and juvenile neutrophil in peripheral blood ，hbf is 70%，which is most possible diagnosis? a. neonatus sepsis b. neonatus hemoglobinopathy c. normal neonate d. congenital leukemia a、a. neonatus sepsis b、b. neonatus hemoglobinopathy c、c. normal neonate d、d. congenital leukemia
47、47. a post-term birth female neonate, birth weight 4kg,jaundice not completely fadeaway after two months, low and dumb crying, hand and feet cool, suck the breast slowly, umbilical hernia, constipation. what disease is possible? a.sporadic congenital hypothyroidism b.neonatal hepatitis syndrome c.habitual constipation d.congenital megacolon a、a.sporadic congenital hypothyroidism b、b.neonatal hepatitis syndrome c、c.habitual constipation d、d.congenital megacolon
48、48. a seven-year-old boy,fever,blepharoedema three days accompanied oliguria,dark urine color,urine：protein( ), erythrocyte( ),little leucocyte. two hours ago he told headache,two times vomiting,see things unclearly. health examination:t 37.2℃,bp 160／110mmhg,confused state of mind,limbs convulsion,isocoria,slight no-notch edema all over the body, heart rate:80／min，no ralesin both lungs,no pathologic reflex,diagnosis first should be thought: a.subarachnoid hemorrhage b.acute glomerulonephritis with hypertensive encephalopathy c.uremia d.low-natrium cerebral edema a、a.subarachnoid hemorrhage b、b.acute glomerulonephritis with hypertensive encephalopathy c、c.uremia d、d.low-natrium cerebral edema
49、49. a five-year-old infant，bw 7kg，eczema，diarrhea not long after birth，6-7 times/day,have no other symptom and have good appetide ,stool routine negative,inefficiency after treatment,what is the most possible： a.infantile diarrhea（mild） b.prolonged diarrhea c.physiologic diarrhea d.viral enteritis a、a.infantile diarrhea（mild） b、b.prolonged diarrhea c、c.physiologic diarrhea d、d.viral enteritis
50、50. to prevent nutritional iron deficiency anemia，which is the main way? a．pure human’s milk feeding b．the milk should be heat treatment when the cow’s milk feeding to reduce blood lose due to allergic c．add auxiliary food in time which contain enrich iron and high absorb rate d．ferralium to prevent a、a．pure human’s milk feeding b、b．the milk should be heat treatment when the cow’s milk feeding to reduce blood lose due to allergic c、c．add auxiliary food in time which contain enrich iron and high absorb rate d、d．ferralium to prevent